zdmeЗдоровье мегаполисаCity Healthcare2713-2617ГБУ «НИИОЗММ ДЗМ»10.47619/2713-2617.zm.2023.v.4i3;105-111zdme-129Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSПраво на здоровье и проблема доступа к медицинской помощи у беженцев и вынужденных переселенцев (обзор зарубежной литературы)The Right to Health And Barriers to Health Services for Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons: Review of Foreign Literaturehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1179-530XДобриеваА. И.DobrievaA. I.

Добриева Анжелика Исаевна – аспирант

115184, г. Москва, ул. Шарикоподшипниковская, 9

Anzhelika I. Dobrieva ‒ Postgraduate Student

9, Sharikopodshipnikovskaya ul., Moscow, 115088

ang196767@yandex.ruАнанченковаП. И.AnanchenkovaP. I.

Ананченкова Полина Игоревна – канд. экон. наук, канд. социол. наук, доцент, старший научный сотрудник;

научный сотрудник

115184, г. Москва, ул. Шарикоподшипниковская, 9;

105064, г. Москва, ул. Воронцово Поле, 12

Polina I. Ananchenkova – PhD in Economics, PhD in Sociology, Associate Professor, Senior Researcher;

Researcher

9, Sharikopodshipnikovskaya ul., Moscow, 115088;

12, Vorontsovo Pole ul., Moscow, 105064

Научно-исследовательский институт организации здравоохранения и медицинского менеджмента Департамента здравоохранения города МосквыРоссияResearch Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of Moscow Healthcare DepartmentRussian FederationНаучно-исследовательский институт организации здравоохранения и медицинского менеджмента Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы; Национальный научно-исследовательский институт общественного здоровья имени Н. А. СемашкоРоссияResearch Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of Moscow Healthcare Department; N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public HealthRussian Federation20232810202343105111Copyright © Добриева А.И., Ананченкова П.И., 20232023Добриева А.И., Ананченкова П.И.Dobrieva A.I., Ananchenkova P.I.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.city-healthcare.com/jour/article/view/129

Введение. Во всем мире число людей, вынужденных покидать свои дома из-за конфликтов, насилия и преследований, в настоящее время выше, чем когда-либо в истории человечества. Мигранты, беженцы и иные граждане, относящиеся к категории вынужденных переселенцев, имеют право на здоровье и получение медицинской помощи в принимающей стране на основе основного гуманитарного права и целого ряда международных правовых документов. Однако практика оказания медицинской помощи в принимающей стране варьируется в зависимости от законодательных условий и ресурсов национальных систем здравоохранения.Цель. Рассмотреть проблему доступности медицинской помощи мигрантам, беженцам и иным вынужденным переселенцам.Материалы и методы. Основным методом исследования, использованным при работе над заявленной темой, стал контент-анализ научной литературы, опубликованной зарубежными исследователями, по вопросам доступности медицинской помощи вынужденным переселенцам, беженцам, лицам, ищущим гражданства, и иным категориям мигрантов.Результаты. Исследование показало, что полные данные о числе лиц, фактически лишенных права на получение медицинской помощи в период оформления своего прибытия в принимающую страну, определить очень трудно. Состояние здоровья просителей убежища зависит от экологических и социальных факторов, кроме того, они сталкиваются с уникальными проблемами, связанными с системой здравоохранения принимающей страны. В целом ситуацию с получением медицинской помощи в международном масштабе следует рассматривать как катастрофическую. Несмотря на законодательные и программные достижения как в рамках международного гуманитарного права, так и на уровне отдельных государств, проблема доступности медицинской помощи мигрантам, беженцам и лицам без определенного статуса их гражданской принадлежности до сих пор остается нерешенной. Это свидетельствует о невозможности широкого круга лиц реализовать свое право на здоровье и медицинскую помощь.

Introduction. All over the world, the number of people forced to flee their homes due to conflict, violence, and persecution is now higher than at any time in human history. Migrants, refugees, and other citizens belonging to the category of internally displaced persons have the right to health and medical care in the host country based upon the basic principles of humanitarian law and a number of international legal documents. However, the practice of providing medical care in the host country varies depending on the legislation and resources of the national healthcare system.The purpose of this study was to consider the barriers to the accessibility of medical care for migrants, refugees, and other internally displaced persons.Materials and methods. The research was mainly carried out using a content analysis of scientific literature published by foreign researchers on the accessibility of medical care to internally displaced persons, refugees, persons seeking citizenship, and other categories of migrants.Results. The study showed that it was challenging to collect complete data on the number of people deprived of the right to medical care during the registration procedure in the host country. The health status of asylum seekers depends on environmental and social factors; in addition, they face unique problems related to the healthcare system of the host country. In general, the global situation concerning access to medical care should be considered catastrophic. Despite legislative and programmatic achievements both within the framework of international humanitarian law and within countries, the provision of health services to migrants, refugees, and stateless persons remains a challenging issue. Thus, a huge number of people cannot exercise their rights to health and medical care.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.