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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zdme</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здоровье мегаполиса</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>City Healthcare</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2713-2617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ГБУ «НИИОЗММ ДЗМ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47619/2713-2617.zm.2025.v.6i1;66-75</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zdme-195</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка рисков развития глаукомы в Кыргызской Республике</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Risk Assessment of Glaucoma in the Kyrgyz Republic</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3813-3269</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Болбачан</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bolbachan</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Болбачан Ольга Александровна – канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры</p><p>720000, г. Бишкек, Киевская ул., д. 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga A. Bolbachan – Cand. Sci. in Medicine, Associate Professor </p><p>44, Kievskaya ul., 720000, Bishkek</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4607-6129</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оморова</surname><given-names>Г. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Omorova</surname><given-names>G. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оморова Гулузад Кулчороевна – докторант</p><p>720054, г. Бишкек, ул. Интергельпо, 1Ф</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Guluzad K. Omorova – Doctoral Student, </p><p>1F, Intergelpo ul., 720054, Bishkek</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gomorova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8138-8497</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Болбачан</surname><given-names>К. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bolbachan</surname><given-names>K. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Болбачан Кирилл Николаевич – врач-офтальмолог</p><p>123182, г. Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, д. 30 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kirill N. Bolbachan – ophthalmologist </p><p>30, Volokolamskoye Shosse, 123182, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Межгосударственная образовательная организация высшего образования «Кыргызско-Российский Славянский университет им. первого Президента Российской Федерации Б.Н. Ельцина»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Interstate educational organization of higher education First President of Russia Boris Yeltsin Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Международная Высшая школа медицины</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>International Higher School of Medicine</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное медико-биологическое агентство</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Medical-Biological Agency of the Russian Federation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Болбачан О.А., Оморова Г.К., Болбачан К.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Болбачан О.А., Оморова Г.К., Болбачан К.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bolbachan O.A., Omorova G.K., Bolbachan K.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.city-healthcare.com/jour/article/view/195">https://www.city-healthcare.com/jour/article/view/195</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Глаукома является наиболее распространенной причиной необратимой слепоты. Знание факторов риска, обуславливающих развитие заболевания, крайне важно для его раннего выявления.</p><p>Цель исследования – оценка факторов риска развития глаукомы.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследование проводилось методом анкетного опроса 318 пациентов, обратившихся в отделение микрохирургии глаза № 2 Национального госпиталя г. Бишкек. Из числа опрошенных 49,0% составили мужчины и 51,0% женщины, из них мужчин старше 40 лет – 41,8±2,7, женщин – 44,6±2,7. Статистические методы: расчет интенсивного показателя, ошибки репрезентативности и критерия достоверности, по оценке доли влияния факторов риска проведен многофакторный анализ. Оценен риск развития глаукомы в баллах (от 30 до 40 – низкий уровень, от 50 до 70 баллов – средний, свыше 70 баллов – высокий). Рассчитана прогностическая значимость факторов риска у мужчин и женщин.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Отмечается высокий риск развития глаукомы и у мужчин, и у женщин. У мужчин первое ранговое место в развитии глаукомы принадлежит наследственной предрасположенности, доля влияния составила 60,8%. У женщин этот фактор риска также является ведущим, составляя 67,2%. Второе место по доле влияния у мужчин занимает повышенное артериальное давление (R=53,3%), у женщин сахарный диабет в анамнезе (R=60,8%). Третье ранговое место и у мужчин, и у женщин занимает возраст старше 40 лет (R=50,4% и 54,7% соответственно). Также одним из ведущих факторов риска развития глаукомы является сахарный диабет: у мужчин – 47,6%, у женщин – 49,0%.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Факторный анализ позволил определить основные факторы риска развития глаукомы. Определение факторов риска способствует ранней диагностике и выявлению клинико-функциональных особенностей заболевания, а также своевременному лечению, снижающему осложнения глаукомы. Для снижения риска развития глаукомы необходимо совершенствовать оказание качественной медицинской помощи на всех уровнях лечебно-диагностического процесса, оптимизировать мероприятия, направленные на снижение распространенности глаукомы и влияния отдельных факторов риска.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Glaucoma is the most common cause of irreversible blindness. Knowledge of the risk factors that cause the development of glaucoma is extremely important for the early detection of disease.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose. To assess the risk factors for glaucoma.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study was conducted using a questionnaire survey among 318 patients who sought medical care at the Department of Eye Microsurgery No. 2 of the Bishkek National Hospital. 49.0% of respondents were men and 51.0% were women; the percent of respondents aged over 40 years was 41.8±2.7 among men and 44.6±2.7 among women. Statistical methods, such as the calculation of intensive value, biases in representativeness and reliability criteria, were applied. A multifactorial analysis was carried out to assess the share of influence of risk factors. The risk of developing glaucoma was estimated in points (from 30 to 40 — low, from 50 to 70 points — average, over 70 points — high). The prognostic significance of risk factors in men and women was calculated. </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The study showed a high risk of glaucoma in both men and women. In men, hereditary predisposition takes the first place in the development of glaucoma; the share of influence was 60.8%. In women, this risk factor is also the leading one, accounting for 67.2%. The second largest share of influence is high blood pressure in men (R=53.3%) and pre-existing diabetes mellitus (R=60.8%) in women. The age over 40 years is in the third place for men and women (R=50.4% and 54.7%, respectively). Diabetes mellitus is also one of the leading risk factors for glaucoma: 47.6% in men and 49.0% in women.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The factor analysis allowed us to identify the main risk factors for glaucoma. The identification of risk factors contributes to the early diagnosis and detection of the clinical and functional features of glaucoma, as well as to the timely treatment that reduces the complications of glaucoma. To reduce the risk of glaucoma, it is necessary to improve the high-quality medical care at all levels of the treatment and diagnostic process and to optimize measures aimed at reducing the prevalence of glaucoma and the impact of individual risk factors.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>глаукома</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>доля влияния</kwd><kwd>прогностический риск</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>glaucoma</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>share of influence</kwd><kwd>prognostic risk</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Flaxman S.R., Bourne RR.A., Resnikoff S., Ackland P., Braithwaite T., et al. Global causes of blindness and distance vision impairment 1990-2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 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