zdmeЗдоровье мегаполисаCity Healthcare2713-2617ГБУ «НИИОЗММ ДЗМ»10.47619/2713-2617.zm.2025.v.6i4-1;26-37zdme-304Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯORIGINAL RESEARCHESДинамика субъективных показателей здоровья москвичей в ретроспективе 20 летDynamics of Health Self-Assessment of Muscovites: A 20-year Retrospectivehttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6033-5564КакоринаЕ. В.KakorinaE. P.

Какорина Екатерина Петровна – д-р мед. наук, профессор, заместитель директора.

129110, Москва, ул. Щепкина, д. 62/1

Ekaterina P. Kakorina – Dr. Sci. in Medicine, Professor.

62/1 Shchepkina ul., 129110, Moscow

kakorina@list.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9320-1503СамородскаяИ. П.SamorodskayaI. V.

Самородская Ирина Владимировна – д-р мед. наук, профессор.

129110, Москва, ул. Щепкина, д. 62/1

Irina V. Samorodskaya – Dr. Sci. in Medicine, Professor.

62/1 Shchepkina ul., 129110, Moscow

samor2000@yandex.ruМосковский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт имени М.Ф. ВладимирскогоРоссияMoscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (“MONIKI”)Russian Federation202523122025642637Copyright © Какорина Е.В., Самородская И.П., 20252025Какорина Е.В., Самородская И.П.Kakorina E.P., Samorodskaya I.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.city-healthcare.com/jour/article/view/304

Цель – сравнение самооценки состояния здоровья, факторов риска и наличия некоторых заболеваний в репрезентативных выборках взрослого населения Москвы в 2003, 2013 и 2023 гг. с учетом возраста, пола.

Материал и методы

Материал и методы. Данные лонгитюдного обследования домохозяйств «Российский мониторинг экономического положения и здоровья населения НИУ ВШЭ (RLMS-HSE)». В исследование включены данные 2582 респондентов. Статистический анализ выполнен с помощью SPSS 26.0 (IBM Company).

Результаты

Результаты. Средний возраст респондентов в выборке 2023 г. был статистически значимо старше, чем в 2003 г. и в 2013 г. (р <0,0001). Доля оценивших свое здоровье как «хорошее и очень хорошее» увеличилась с 35,6% в 2003 г. до 40,7% в 2023 г., а доля оценивших свое здоровье как «плохое и совсем плохое» сократилась с 14,8 до 10,1%. Снизилась частота положительных ответов о перенесенном инфаркте миокарда с 3,7 до 2,3%. Увеличилась частота положительных ответов о наличии артериальной гипертензии (с 32,5 до 39,7%), сахарного диабета (с 4,9 до 8,2%), онкологического заболевания (с 2 до 3,1%), возросла доля респондентов с избыточной массой тела выше 30 кг/м2 (с 14,4 до 24,1%; увеличение отмечено во всех возрастных группах, за исключением женщин в возрасте 30,5–50 лет). Сократилась (р <0,0001) доля ответивших «да» на вопрос «Курите ли вы в настоящее время?» с 41,2% в 2003 г. до 33,1% в 2023 г. (в возрастных группах до 30 лет среди женщин на 26%, мужчин на 20%). Доля респондентов, ответивших «да» о наличии группы инвалидности, сократилась с 14,4 до 12,8% (р=0,3).

Выводы

Выводы. За 20 лет произошли существенные изменения в состоянии здоровья населения, что обусловлено влиянием многих факторов. Последующие исследования должны быть направлены на оценку взаимосвязей здоровья населения с факторами, рекомендуемыми ВОЗ.

The objective was to compare self-assessment of health status, risk factors, and certain diseases in representative samples of the adult population in Moscow in 2003, 2013 and 2023 differentiated by age and gender.

Material and methods

Material and methods. Data from 2,582 respondents enrolled in the longitudinal household survey Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey of HSE (RLMS-HSE) was used. A statistical analysis using SPSS 26.0 (IBM Company) was performed.

Results

Results. The average age of respondents in the 2023 sample was statistically significantly older than in 2003 and 2013 (p < 0.0001). The proportion of those who rated their health as “good and very good” increased from 35.6% in 2003 to 40.7% in 2023, while the proportion of those who rated their health as “poor and very poor” decreased from 14.8% to 10.1%. The frequency of positive responses about myocardial infarction decreased from 3.7 to 2.3%. There was an increase in the frequency of positive responses about arterial hypertension (from 32.5 to 39.7%), diabetes mellitus (from 4.9 to 8.2%), and oncological disease (from 2 to 3.1%), as well as the proportion of respondents with excess body mass index over 30 kg/m2 (from 14.4 to 24.1%; the increase was observed in all age groups except women aged 30.5-50 years). The proportion of those who answered positively to the question “Do you currently smoke?” decreased (p < 0.0001) from 41.2% in 2003 to 33.1% in 2023 (by 26% and 20% in men and women under the age of 30, respectively). The proportion of respondents who gave a positive answer about disability decreased from 14.4 to 12.8% (p = 0.3).

Conclusion

Conclusion. Over the past 20 years, significant changes in the health status of the population caused by a variety of factors have been observed. Subsequent studies should be aimed at assessing the relationship between population health and the factors recommended by WHO.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.