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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zdme</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здоровье мегаполиса</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>City Healthcare</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2713-2617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ГБУ «НИИОЗММ ДЗМ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47619/2713-2617.zm.2025.v.6i4-1;86-101</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zdme-305</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Риск-ориентированная стратегия – путь к повышению эффективности кардиоваскулярной профилактики и рациональному использованию ресурсов первичного звена здравоохранения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Risk-Oriented Strategy as the Way to Improve the Effectiveness of Cardiovascular Prevention and the Rational Use of Primary Healthcare Resources</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0745-9474</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреев</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreev</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андреев Дмитрий Анатольевич – канд. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник Государственного бюджетного учреждения города Москвы.</p><p>115088, Москва, ул. Шарикоподшипниковская, д. 9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Andreev – MD, PhD, Leading Researcher.</p><p>9, Sharikopodshipnikovskaya ul., Moscow, 115088</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andreevda@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0925-5822</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Камынина</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kamynina</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Камынина Наталья Николаевна – д-р мед. наук, профессор, заместитель директора по научной работе.</p><p>115088, Москва, ул. Шарикоподшипниковская, д. 9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya N. Kamynina – D.Sc. in Medicine, Professor, Deputy Director for Research.</p><p>9, Sharikopodshipnikovskaya ul., Moscow, 115088</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">KamyninaNN@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт организации здравоохранения и медицинского менеджмента Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of Moscow Healthcare Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>86</fpage><lpage>101</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Андреев Д.А., Камынина Н.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Андреев Д.А., Камынина Н.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Andreev D.A., Kamynina N.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.city-healthcare.com/jour/article/view/305">https://www.city-healthcare.com/jour/article/view/305</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Кардиоваскулярные заболевания на протяжении десятилетий уносят больше всего человеческих жизней. Масштаб проблемы в крупных городах очевиден. Эффективная профилактика сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний невозможна без внедрения риск-ориентированного подхода, основанного на ранней стратификации риска, прежде всего на этапе первичной медико-санитарной помощи.</p><p>Цель исследования – синтезировать современные представления об инновационных подходах к оценке кардиоваскулярного риска и обоснованию стратегии профилактики атеросклеротических сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (АССЗ).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В работе рассмотрены модели оценки риска: PREVENT 2023, объединенные когортные уравнения (PCE), семейство линеек SCORE2, SMART 2, EUROASPIRE, LIFE-CVD и др. Представлены современные алгоритмы ACC/AHA и ESC/EAS, направленные на выбор стратегии комплексной профилактики АССЗ, включая применение статинов. Обсуждается роль инструментальной оценки показателей коронарного кальциноза и ультразвуковой визуализации каротидных артерий.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Отмечено, что использование калькуляторов помогает своевременно принимать решения о начале или интенсификации терапии, ориентируясь на ожидаемую клиническую пользу. Однако даже валидированные модели, основанные на крупных популяционных данных, не всегда точно отражают реальный риск, особенно у пациентов с атипичными профилями. В связи с этим в стратификацию следует также включать дополняющие (нетрадиционные) маркеры: показатели субклинического атеросклероза, биомаркеры воспаления, данные визуализации или генетические предикторы.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Over the past decades, cardiovascular diseases have become an even bigger threat to human health. The effect they have on human life in large cities is evident. Efficient prevention of cardiovascular diseases requires the use of a risk-oriented strategy based on early detection of high-risk individuals at the primary care level.</p><p>The purpose of the study is to summarize modern innovative approaches to assessing cardiovascular risks and substantiating strategies for preventing atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The list of reviewed risk assessment models included the following: PREVENT 2023, pooled cohort equations (PCE), SCORE2, SMART 2, EUROASPIRE, LIFE-CVD, and other scales. Modern ACC/AHA and ESC/EAS guidelines were highlighted with focus on selecting comprehensive ASCVD prevention strategies, which may encompass the use of statins. The role of instrumental assessment of coronary calcification and ultrasound imaging of carotid arteries was also discussed.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The use of risk calculators allows for timely decisions about initiating or intensifying therapy based on the expected clinical benefit. However, even the validated models based on large population datasets do not always assess the risk accurately, especially in atypical cases. Therefore, risk stratification should also incorporate additional (non-traditional) markers, such as subclinical atherosclerosis indicators, inflammation biomarkers, imaging data, and genetic predictors.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кардиоваскулярные заболевания</kwd><kwd>атеросклероз</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd><kwd>риск-ориентированный подход</kwd><kwd>инструменты оценки риска</kwd><kwd>зарубежные клинические руководства</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cardiovascular diseases</kwd><kwd>atherosclerosis</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd><kwd>risk-oriented strategy</kwd><kwd>risk assessment scales</kwd><kwd>international guidelines</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Данная статья подготовлена авторами в рамках НИР «Разработка методологических подходов ценностно-ориентированного здравоохранения (ЦОЗ) в городе Москве» (№ по ЕГИСУ: 123032100062-6)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This article was prepared by the authors as part of the research project “Development of methodological approaches to value-based healthcare (VBHC) in the city of Moscow” (USISR No. 123032100062-6)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Komnianou A., Kyriakoulis K.G., Menti A. et al. 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