zdmeЗдоровье мегаполисаCity Healthcare2713-2617ГБУ «НИИОЗММ ДЗМ»10.47619/2713-2617.zm.2024.v.5i2;125-139zdme-35Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSСовременные направления, примеры и методы оценки физической активности населения мегаполисовModern Trends, Examples and Methods for Assessing Physical Activity of City Residentshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0745-9474АндреевД. А.AndreevD. A.

Андреев Дмитрий Анатольевич – канд. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник

115184, г. Москва, ул. Шарикоподшипниковская, д. 9 

Dmitry A. Andreev – PhD, Leading Researcher

9, Sharikopodshipnikovskaya ul., Moscow, 115088

AndreevDA@zdrav.mos.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0925-5822КамынинаН. Н.KamyninaN. N.

Камынина Наталья Николаевна – профессор, д-р мед. наук, заместитель директора по научной работе

115184, г. Москва, ул. Шарикоподшипниковская, д. 9 

Natalya N. Kamynina – D.Sc. (Medicine), Professor,  Deputy  Director for Research 

9, Sharikopodshipnikovskaya ul., Moscow, 115088

Научно-исследовательский институт организации здравоохранения и медицинского менеджмента Департамента здравоохранения города МосквыResearch Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of Moscow Healthcare Department20242211202452125139Copyright © Андреев Д.А., Камынина Н.Н., 20242024Андреев Д.А., Камынина Н.Н.Andreev D.A., Kamynina N.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.city-healthcare.com/jour/article/view/35Введение

Введение. Достаточный уровень физической активности (ФА) является важным условием поддержания здоровья населения всех возрастных групп. Существует широкий набор методов и подходов к оценке ФА. Различные опросники являются удобными инструментами для описания уровня ФА при проведении крупных исследований. Другим современным способом оценки ФА стало применение индивидуальных носимых девайсов, включая акселерометры. Данные, полученные с помощью акселерометров и других приборов, могут дополнять результаты исследований ФА, выполняемых с помощью опроса.

Цель

Цель. Систематизация ключевых направлений, примеров и распространенных методов проведения современных исследований ФА населения мегаполисов.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Сбор релевантных сведений проводился с использованием поисковых систем в библиографических базах PubMed, E-Library. Дополнительную информацию получали путем поиска в информационных системах Google, Yandex. В качестве примеров отбирались работы, опубликованные в период за последние 5 лет и описывающие результаты общих региональных исследований ФА в выборках городского населения в целом.

Результаты

Результаты. В статье рассмотрены мировые тренды в современных исследованиях ФА, представлена результативность ряда примеров российских и зарубежных работ по изучению ФА населения мегаполисов, суммированы свойства инструментов оценки. Было отмечено, что при оценке ФА применяются методы субъективной и объективной регистрации. В качестве инструментов субъективной оценки широко используются международные и национальные опросники. Одновременно развиваются технологии объективной оценки, основанной на использовании цифровых систем, носимых устройств и других подходов. Выбор способа оценки ФА может проходить в несколько этапов с использованием алгоритма принятия решений.

Выводы (заключение)

Выводы (заключение). Один из основных выводов, который можно сделать по итогам обзора: применение современного дизайна и методов исследования уровня ФА жителей мегаполисов способствует определению факторов, влияющих на формирование и поддержание здорового образа жизни в городской среде.

Introduction. A sufficient level of physical activity (PA) is crucial for maintaining population health. There is a wide range of methods and approaches to PA assessment, such as questionnaires that are a convenient tool for assessment of PA levels. Another modern way to assess PA is individual wearable devices, including accelerometers. Data obtained from accelerometers and other tools can contribute to questionnaire results used in PA studies. Purpose. This review was carried out with the aim of considering modern trends, examples and common methods of physical activity assessment of city residents.Materials and methods. Relevant information was collected using PubMed and E-Library databases. Google and Yandex search systems were used to obtain additional data.Results. This paper describes global trends in modern PA studies, presents the examples of Russian and foreign papers on PA of city population, as well as summarizes the main features of PA assessment tools. Notably, PA can be assessed using subjective and objective methods. International and national questionnaires are widely applied as a subjective assessment tool. At the same time, technologies for objective assessment based on digital systems, wearable devices and other approaches to PA monitoring are being developed. Methods for assessing PA can be selected in several stages using decision-making algorithms.Conclusions. Upon the obtained results we assume that modern study design and methods of assessment of PA level among city residents helps to identify factors influencing the formation and maintenance of healthy lifestyle in urban environment.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.