zdmeЗдоровье мегаполисаCity Healthcare2713-2617ГБУ «НИИОЗММ ДЗМ»10.47619/2713-2617.zm.2024.v.5i3;81-91zdme-66Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSСравнение качества жизни пациентов, получающих терапию методами перитонеального диализа и гемодиализаComparison of the Quality of Life in Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis Patientshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7757-318XГрибковаИ. В.GribkovaI. V.

Грибкова Ирина Владимировна – канд. биол. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела организации здравоохранения

115088, г. Москва, ул. Шарикоподшипниковская, д. 9

Irina V. Gribkova – PhD, Leading Researcher of Scientific and Clinical Department

9, Sharikopodshipnikovskaya ul., Moscow, 115088

igribkova@yandex.ruНаучно-исследовательский институт организации здравоохранения и медицинского менеджмента Департамента здравоохранения города МосквыResearch Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of Moscow Healthcare Department202424112024538191Copyright © Грибкова И.В., 20242024Грибкова И.В.Gribkova I.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.city-healthcare.com/jour/article/view/66

Хроническая болезнь почек (ХБП) оказывает значительное влияние на качество жизни (КЖ) пациентов, связанное со здоровьем. Особенные проблемы вызывает терминальная стадия заболевания, которая приводит к необходимости заместительной почечной терапии (ЗПТ). Перед врачами и пациентами встает задача выбора метода ЗПТ. При этом необходимо учитывать не только показатели выживаемости, но и КЖ пациентов в условиях данной терапии, так как способность функционировать и поддерживать хорошее самочувствие является одной из целей лечения, рекомендованных Всемирной организацией здравоохранения. Поэтому оценка КЖ и выявление факторов, влияющих на него, становятся все более значимыми при определении эффективности терапии и принятии мер по ее улучшению.

Целью настоящей работы был обзор последних научных исследований, посвященных оценке КЖ пациентов, получающих ЗПТ методами гемодиализа (ГД) и перитонеального диализа (ПД); выявление наилучшего из этих двух средств ЗПТ с точки зрения качества жизни пациентов, оцененного с помощью общих опросников SF-36 и EQ-5D; установление факторов риска снижения качества жизни. Поиск научных исследований осуществлялся в международной базе PubMed/MEDLINE в апреле 2024 г. по ключевым словам chronic kidney disease, quality of life, SF-36, EQ-5D, haemodialysis; peritoneal dialysis. Отбирались работы, опубликованные с 2018 по 2024 г., в которых сравнивалось качество жизни пациентов с ХБП, получающих ЗПТ методами гемодиализа и перитонеального диализа.

Результаты показали, что ПД является более предпочтительным методом, чем ГД. Для достижения высоких показателей КЖ также необходимы тщательное лечение нарушений фосфорно-кальциевого обмена и анемического синдрома, адекватное ведение сопутствующих заболеваний, оказание помощи пациентам в проведении домашних процедур, организация образовательных программ повышения самоэффективности и способности заботиться о себе, предоставление психологической помощи при необходимости.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a profound impact on patients' health-related quality of life (QoL). Particular problems are caused by the end-stage disease, which leads to the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT). Physicians and patients face the challenge of choosing a type of RRT. In this case, it is necessary to take into account not only survival rates but also the quality of life of patients who undergo the therapy, because the ability to function and maintain well-being is one of the treatment goals recommended by the World Health Organization. Therefore, assessing QoL and identifying factors influencing it becomes increasingly important in terms of therapy effectiveness and measures aimed at improving outcomes.

The purpose of this work was to review recent scientific studies assessing the quality of life among peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD) patients, as well as identifying the better RRT type and risk factors that affect the quality of life. In order to identify the most relevant RRT type, the general questionnaires SF-36 and EQ-5D were used. A search for scientific studies was carried out in the international PubMed/MEDLINE database in April 2024 using the keywords: chronic kidney disease, quality of life, SF-36, EQ-5D, hemodialysis, and peritoneal dialysis. We selected papers published from 2018 to 2024 where the quality of life of patients with CKD re[1]ceiving such RRT types as hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis was studied.

The results showed that PD is more preferable than HD. To achieve a high quality of life, it is also necessary to carefully treat disorders of calcium and phosphate metabolism and anemia, adequately manage concomitant diseases, assist patients with medical care provided at home, organize educational programs to increase patients’ self-efficacy and self-management, and provide psychological assistance if necessary

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.