Принятие обоснованных решений на основе анализа поведенческих факторов в период пандемии: опыт города Москвы

Введение. Сдерживание коронавирусной инфекции требовало активного общественного реагирования, в том числе принятия защитных мер в ответ на вызовы пандемии. В связи с этим понадобились эффективные вмешательства, политические решения и мероприятия по информированию общественности, которые учитывали бы взгляды населения на сложившуюся ситуацию.

Цель. Изучить восприятие, поведение и благополучие населения Москвы и определить, как эти переменные влияют на принятие обоснованных решений при выработке ответных мер в период пандемии.

Материалы и методы. Оригинальный инструментарий был разработан Европейским региональным бюро Всемирной организации здравоохранения (ЕРБ ВОЗ) при поддержке Эрфуртского университета, Германия, и адаптирован под особенности Москвы. Для исследования был выбран метод телефонного опроса (CATI). Реализована стратифицированная двухосновная выборка стационарных и мобильных телефонов. Было проведено три волны обследования: 1) 13–18 мая 2020 г., n = 1019 чел.; 2) 26 мая 2020 г.– 1 июня, n = 1000 чел.; 3) 16–24 июня 2020 г., n = 993 чел.

Результаты. Выявлена информированность жителей Москвы о коронавирусе, их восприятие и понимание ситуации, связанной с пандемией, и их поведенческие реакции на меры, предпринимаемые органами власти по противодействию распространению инфекции COVID-19.

Выводы. Проведение мониторинга восприятия, поведения и благополучия населения позволяет использовать  человеко-ориентированный  подход,   когда   особенности   понимания   населения   наряду  с   эпидемиологическими   данными   и   соображениями   экономического,   культурного,   этического и структурно-политического характера являются основой для действий по борьбе с коронавирусом.

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