Использование цифровых технологий при оказании медицинской помощи в стационаре (обзор зарубежных публикаций)

Введение. Использование цифровых технологий становится неотъемлемой частью современного здравоохранения, в особенности в условиях стационарного лечения, позволяя повысить оперативность, точность и персонализацию медицинской помощи, что особенно важно при оказании экстренной помощи и управлении сложными клиническими случаями. Международный опыт демонстрирует значительное улучшение клинических исходов благодаря интеграции цифровых решений, включая искусственный интеллект, интернет вещей и телемедицину. Цель работы – проведение обзора для выявления передового международного опыта в сфере использования цифровых технологий при оказании медицинской помощи в стационаре. Материалы и методы. Данное исследование представляет собой литературный обзор 45 релевантных научных публикаций на английском языке, отобранных через Google Scholar за период с 2020 по май 2025 г., с акцентом на цифровые технологии в хирургических отделениях клинических стационаров. Приоритет отдавался источникам, входящим в Scopus, WoS и содержащим верифицируемые данные о практическом применении цифровых решений (видеосистемы, операционные роботы, ИТ-платформы и др.) в оказании стационарной медицинской помощи. Результаты. Обзор литературы показал, что цифровые технологии радикально трансформируют стационарную медицинскую помощь, расширяя возможности диагностики, лечения и мониторинга пациентов. Международный опыт демонстрирует эффективность таких решений, как телемедицина, интернет вещей, робототехника и ИИ, включая их применение в хирургии и реабилитации. Внедрение этих технологий повышает качество медицинских услуг и снижает нагрузку на персонал, но сопряжено с вызовами, включая стандартизацию и кибербезопасность. Для успешной адаптации в российской практике необходим междисциплинарный подход и развитие собственных технологических компетенций. При этом важно опираться на международный опыт, усиливая взаимодействие с дружественными странами и формируя кадровый потенциал в цифровом здравоохранении.

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