Традиционное питание и старение в странах Центральной Азии: от культурного наследия к пищевой трансформации в эпоху глобализации

Введение. Питание является одним из ключевых модифицируемых детерминантов старения, влияет на риск сердечно-сосудистых и метаболических заболеваний. Для стран Центральной Азии, находящихся на ранних этапах демографического перехода, особое значение имеет сочетание традиционной пищевой культуры с процессами пищевых изменений. Цель работы – проанализировать традиционную пищевую матрицу региона и оценить влияние диетической трансформации на траекторию старения. Материалы и методы. Проведен обзор литературы (2000–2025) с поиском в PubMed/ MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar и отчетах международных организаций. Включены эпидемиологические, обзорные и региональные исследования, посвященные питанию, неинфекционным заболеваниям и старению в странах Центральной Азии. Результаты. Страны Центральной Азии вступают в фазу демографического перехода на фоне высокого бремени сердечно-сосудистых и метаболических заболеваний. Традиционный рацион характеризуется доминированием зерновых продуктов, значимой ролью мяса и молочных продуктов и низким потреблением рыбы, при этом отмечается наслоение ультрапереработанных продуктов на энергоемкий рацион, сопровождающееся ростом потребления соли, сахара и насыщенных жиров и ухудшением кардиометаболического профиля. Заключение. Диетическая трансформация в Центральной Азии может способствовать ускоренному кардиометаболическому и функциональному старению, что определяет необходимость культурно чувствительной адаптации традиционного питания с ограничением ультрапереработанных продуктов и повышением нутритивной плотности рациона.

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