Салютогенный дизайн в медицинских организациях: факторы и возможности применения

Введение. Всемирная организация здравоохранения позиционирует факторы окружающей среды как важную детерминанту здоровья. В контексте медицинских организаций перспективным направ­лением повышения пациентоориентированности через изменение среды является салютогенный ди­зайн, ориентированный на создание условий, снижающих стресс и способствующих благополучию. Несмотря на многолетнее развитие концепции салютогенного дизайна, ее практическое применение часто ограничено фрагментарным использованием отдельных элементов.

Целью данного обзора яв­ляется систематический анализ и обобщение накопленного мирового опыта в области салютогенного дизайна медицинских организаций для структурирования фундаментальных аспектов концепции, формировавшейся на протяжении последних десятилетий.

Материалы и методы. В рамках исследова­ния проведен литературный обзор научных статей в базах данных PubMed, Cochrane Library и Google Scholar за период с 01.01.2000 по 31.12.2024.

Результаты. Такие элементы салютогенного дизайна ме­дицинских организаций, как правильно подобранные цветовые решения, естественный свет, доста­точная освещенность, биофильный дизайн (элементы природы, природные текстуры), эффективная организация пространства, использование арт-объектов, а также снижение уровня шума, способ­ствуют улучшению эмоционального состояния и клинических показателей пациентов.

Выводы. Ди­зайн медицинских организаций является важным фактором качества и безопасности медицинской помощи. Однако использование современных концепций организации пространств для пациентов, например салютогенного дизайна, ограничено ввиду отсутствия единых методологических подхо­дов. Результаты обзора литературы подтверждают, что факторы салютогенного дизайна используют­ся в медицинских организациях изолированно и/или ограниченно. Для достижения оптимального положительного эффекта от применения салютогенного дизайна необходимо разработать единые стандарты, основанные на исследованиях, что позволит улучшить условия оказания медицинской помощи и повысить удовлетворенность пациентов.

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