Database of patients with diabetes mellitus (Federal Register of Diabetes Mellitus) allows to track changes in the epidemiological parameters of a cohort of patients with diabetes mellitus (prevalence, morbidity), to assess indicators of glycemic control, prevalence of complications and concomitant diseases, as well as long-term dynamics. The data obtained allow assessing the quality of medical care in Moscow in general and in individual districts and medical institutions, and to plan measures to improve glycemic control and reduce the risk of developing complications of diabetes mellitus.

The purpose of the research is to provide a comprehensive analysis of approaches to the organization of events for the implementation of Moscow’s development programs, from the point of view of strengthening
public health. Materials and methods. The methods of the study are: the integrated assessment of data of industry statistical reporting, the method of descriptive statistics, the method of content analysis. Approaches to the organization of events of the state programs of the city of Moscow, from the point of view of strengthening public health, are defined. It is shown that the state programs include areas related to strengthening public health, their implementation is carried out jointly by various departments and is of an interdepartmental nature. Urban planning policy and development of the territories of the city of Moscow is carried out in accordance with the analysis of the environmental situation, demography, and social needs of citizens. Correlation between the state of public health in Moscow according to the results of clinical examination and ongoing activities of state programs of Moscow, shows the relevance of interagency measures to enhance public health and promote a healthy lifestyle. Results. The results of medical examinations in 2017−2019 show that it is necessary to strengthen interdepartmental measures aimed at strengthening public health in the city of Moscow.

Background. Nutrition plays an important role in NCDs risk reduction, growth of the population life expectancy and quality of life. A number of factors influence the diet, including the region of living. Purpose. To analyze the diet patterns of Moscow residents. Materials and Methods. Questioning of 111 Moscow residents: 89 women and 22 men, aged 18 to 80 years with a median BMI of 26.9 kg/m2. Results. 67.4 % of respondents were committed to healthy, optimal nutrition. Full breakfast was noted by 63 %. Analyzing product groups: bread was included in the diet by 87 % of the responders; pastries and sweet products – 72 %; whole grains – 17 %; dairy products – 26 %; fruits and vegetables – 63−67 %; fish – 49 %; meat – 33 %; alcohol – 50 %. Conclusion. The study showed that a third of the Moscow population has an inappropriate diet. Insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables, dairy products, cereals and whole-grain products is noted. That type of diet is associated with a risk of non-communicable diseases. In addition, a low commitment to regular physical activity is also established.

Introduction. Drugs and the resulting health loss are a global problem. At the same time, residents of megalopolises, mainly of working age, fall into the risk group. The purpose is to assess the scale of losses of the working-age population of Moscow due to drug use. Materials and methods. The data of Rosstat on mortality of the population were used. We have calculated standardized mortality rates by causes of death in the selected age groups. We used a direct method of standardization, the European standard for age structure. To characterize the social status of the deceased, we used the data of the RFS-EMIAS of Moscow (the period of data analysis is July-December 2018 − January-June 2019). Results. We analyzed the dynamics of mortality among the working-age population of Moscow from the main causes of drug etiology (accidental drug poisoning and drug poisoning with unspecified intentions, mental disorders caused by drug use) against the background of Russia in the 2010s. It is shown that the dynamics of mortality from these causes was characterized by a sharp change in trends during 2015−2016. There was a sharp increase in mortality in the capital during the same period from cardiovascular diseases, due to unspecified cardiomyopathy. We pointed out that these shifts are synchronous with the dynamics of mortality from symptoms, signs, and ill-defined conditions. Discussion. It is hypothesized that, with a high degree of probability, the abnormal increase in mortality from unspecified cardiomyopathy is a statistical artifact – a consequence of the transfer of drug-related deaths to a latent form. Conclusions. Masking losses from drug addiction in ill-defined conditions and unspecified cardiomyopathy leads to the fact that mortality from drug poisoning in Moscow is not assessed as a serious problem.

The purpose of this study is to examine the infrastructure and practices of using outdoor sports grounds. Materials and methods. Method of non-included standardized observation was used in the sociological study. With the help of the coding sheet more than 160 observations were recorded at 34 workout sites, selected by the criteria of their size and location. Results and discussion. There was assessed the level of workout areas equipment in Moscow. On the basis of unencumbered standardized observations there were identified: social portraits of people, involved in street sports, the key features of their training process, the use of the infrastructure of the outdoor sports grounds. There were also outlined the gaps in knowledge and adherence to proper physical activity in some groups of sports grounds visitors. Different types of cooperation between sports grounds visitors were identified and the advantages and disadvantages of each of them were outlined. The idea of the most preferable and effective form of interaction of trainees on the sports grounds was formed. The observations made it
possible to determine the list of motivating and demotivating factors for visiting the sports grounds. On the basis of the data obtained, there were developed the recommendations for attracting various groups of the population to workout areas and improving the quality of training.

Background. The need to attract doctors in scarce specialties and preserve the core of experienced specialists makes the study of the potential of voluntary labor mobility urgent. A search for ways to improve the quality of medical personnel in health care needs an extension in understanding main motives for the turnover of doctors in order to ensure their social safety. Purpose. The aim of the paper is to identify the scale of the potential turnover of medical personnel and the reasons influencing doctors’ intentions to change their jobs. Materials and methods. The concept of decent work adapted to the health sector was used as a theoretical basis for the study. Methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis of sociological data became the methodological basis. The empirical basis of the analysis was the materials of a sample questionnaire survey of medical personnel in Moscow health care. Results. A comprehensive analysis of the potential turnover of doctors was carried out in four areas of their social safety, specifically, guarantees of stable employment; normal working conditions and working hours; decent and regular wages and availability of professional development opportunities. Discussion. The key features of medical personnel, influencing the propensity to change jobs, have been analyzed. The characteristics of the workplace, which contribute to the plans for finding a more suitable place of work, have been identified. Their importance in the decision to change jobs has been ranked. Conclusion. Scientific prerequisites for normalizing the problems of the turnover of doctors and improving quality medical staff were formulated.

Introduction. The development of modern society implies that more and more information is placed in the digital space. Therefore, the attitude of the management of transport companies to the promotion of healthy lifestyle and the prevention of COVID-19 can be indirectly assessed by the content of their sites and web pages. Purpose. The purpose of this article is a content analysis of rail companies’ sites and web pages on the promotion of healthy lifestyles and the prevention of COVID-19. Materials and methods. The study was carried out once, in October 2020. We analyzed the sites and web pages of rail companies using the formation of queries, as well as using the search engines Yandex and Google. Results. The frequency of mentioning healthy lifestyle issues on the websites and web pages of the analyzed rail companies vary from 32 to 54 %. COVID-19 prevention issues are covered only in a half of cases by railway companies and in more than 90 % – on the websites and web pages of subways, high-speed trams and city trams. In general, the analyzed websites and web pages of the rail companies adequately display the information related to the prevention of COVID. Discussion. Rail companies pay attention to the formation of healthy lifestyles and prevention of COVID-19 on their web pages and sites. For this reason, it can be assumed that the management of the rail companies is concerned about these problems. At the same time, we have no reason to believe that the analyzed web documents fully reflect the ongoing preventive programs, in other words, it can be assumed that the preventive activities of rail companies are broader than shown in this study. Meanwhile, rail companies do not fully cover their social policy regarding the health of their own employees. Conclusion. The sites and web pages of rail companies, as a rule, contain scattered information on promoting healthy lifestyle. At the same time, the information on the prevention of COVID-19 is usually presented in a comprehensive manner. The issues of COVID-19 prevention in general are mentioned on more sites and web pages than the issues of healthy lifestyle formation.

Management for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is connected with urbanization because 2/3 of T2DM-patients live in towns, that is reflected in the term «urban diabetes». The T2DM-onset and T2DM-progression are depended not only on complex interaction of modified and non-modified risk factors, but also and sociodemographic determinants (and its modification at municipal level allowed to neutralize the unfavorable risk factors of T2DM&obesity. The urban non-rational food, disturbance of circadian rhythm, low T2DM-pths compliance stimulate onset of obesity, deterioration of glycemic control, high postprandial hyperglycemia, glucolipotoxicity, epigenetic changes and negative metabolic memory. Meanwhile the city politics may affect to the non-modified T2DM-risk factors at carrying the municipal policy directed to the rational catering, mass sports, organization of recreational zones, decrease of excessive urban traffic, improvement of ecology. The paper considers the features of migration to urban, religious fasting, COVID-19 at the urban T2DM. The «urban diabetes» must be considered at therapeutic education and affected to form the active T2DM-pts-management.

The article provides an overview of the European experience in changing the role of a nurse, as well as Russian practices within the framework of a pilot project to expand the functions of nurses in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Health of Russia «On the approval of an action plan («road map») to expand the functions of specialists with secondary medical education. The author emphasizes that the new challenges of the millennium entail a shift in emphasis towards patient orientation, which implies an improvement in the quality of medical services, and this, in turn, will address the issues of competent distribution of powers between doctors and nurses. The article notes that patient-centered medical care entails an increase in the burden on nurses and their empowerment. The author analyzes both the advantages of expanding the role of nurses: career advancement with continuous professional and personal development through the acquisition of additional knowledge and competencies, and possible risks: psychological resistance of doctors and nurses to new forms of work, conflict of interests between doctors and nurses, unwillingness of nurses to work with documents, etc.