Introduction. Currently, healthcare is facing an increasing burden on the operational processes in clinical laboratories. The number of patients undergoing tests is steadily increasing, which leads to a proportional increase in the routine workflow of laboratory staff to perform the total testing process. To optimize the processes of clinical laboratories and ensure staff offload, it is crucial to consider the introduction of fundamentally new modular devices that, due to their versatility and mobility, could effectively integrate into existing business processes.

The purpose of this work was to review and measure the existing dynamics of the operational load in clinical laboratories, identify routine non-automated processes that are necessary to perform a full testing cycle, calculate the actual time spent, and consider possible solutions for process automation.

Materials and methods. In this study, statistical data from the Moscow Scientific and Practical Center for Laboratory Research of the Moscow Healthcare Department for the period 2021–2025 was used. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the number of sample referrals for laboratory testing, as well as the tests performed, was carried out. Regulatory documents and internal time calculations to assess the time-consuming routine operations were used. The average daily time required to perform the analyzed processes was calculated for the current average daily volume of samples received for processing (95 thousand).

Results. For the period from 2021 to 2025, the largest laboratory complex in Russia saw an average monthly increase of patients by 96%, the number of samples processed by 187%, and the number of tests performed by 380%. The average daily time required to perform all manual operations has increased from 280 to 820 hours. High potential of process automation using modular solutions based on 6-axis collaborative robots has been revealed.

Introduction. Today, the COVID-19 pandemic is often spoken of in the past tense. However, health experts believe that despite the fact that the WHO state of emergency has been declared over, society is still experiencing the consequences of the global pandemic, and the term “post-pandemic” can often be found in the literature.

Objective of the study. Analysis of the body mass index of junior medical university students before and after the coronavirus pandemic.

Methods. The sample size was 200 students from 14 study groups. Standard descriptive statistics were used in the data analysis. Main results. The mean value (mathematical expectation) of the body mass index ± 95% confidence interval was (22.18±0.52) kg/m², standard deviation 3.76 kg/m², coefficient of variation – 16.96%, median – 21.62 kg/m², mode – 22.77 kg/m². Compared with the data for previous years, the proportion of underweight students (with BMI 16–18.5 kg/m², according to WHO) decreased and, conversely, the proportion of overweight students (BMI 25–30 kg/m²) increased. The proportion of respondents with obesity (BMI >30 kg/m²) increased from 1.89 to 3.00%. The percentage of respondents in other categories of body mass index remained virtually unchanged. The BMI trend line for the 2016–2021 data. can be represented by a linear function with a negative slope, while taking into account the 2024/25 academic year, the trend line has a positive slope. It is proven that the distribution of the body mass index of students is lognormal, and its parameters are established. In 2025, the body weight of the respondents was on average 66.12 kg, height was 171.84 cm (in 2021 it was 61.73 kg and 169.96 cm, respectively).

Conclusion. It is suggested that the identified increase in the body mass index in the post-pandemic period compared to the pre-pandemic periodmay be due to social, psychophysiological and other consequences of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Perhaps the psycho-emotional stress that arose in society during the pandemic is projected at the present time, manifesting itself, among other things, in changes in eating behavior.

The objective was to compare self-assessment of health status, risk factors, and certain diseases in representative samples of the adult population in Moscow in 2003, 2013 and 2023 differentiated by age and gender.

Material and methods. Data from 2,582 respondents enrolled in the longitudinal household survey Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey of HSE (RLMS-HSE) was used. A statistical analysis using SPSS 26.0 (IBM Company) was performed.

Results. The average age of respondents in the 2023 sample was statistically significantly older than in 2003 and 2013 (p < 0.0001). The proportion of those who rated their health as “good and very good” increased from 35.6% in 2003 to 40.7% in 2023, while the proportion of those who rated their health as “poor and very poor” decreased from 14.8% to 10.1%. The frequency of positive responses about myocardial infarction decreased from 3.7 to 2.3%. There was an increase in the frequency of positive responses about arterial hypertension (from 32.5 to 39.7%), diabetes mellitus (from 4.9 to 8.2%), and oncological disease (from 2 to 3.1%), as well as the proportion of respondents with excess body mass index over 30 kg/m2 (from 14.4 to 24.1%; the increase was observed in all age groups except women aged 30.5-50 years). The proportion of those who answered positively to the question “Do you currently smoke?” decreased (p < 0.0001) from 41.2% in 2003 to 33.1% in 2023 (by 26% and 20% in men and women under the age of 30, respectively). The proportion of respondents who gave a positive answer about disability decreased from 14.4 to 12.8% (p = 0.3).

Conclusion. Over the past 20 years, significant changes in the health status of the population caused by a variety of factors have been observed. Subsequent studies should be aimed at assessing the relationship between population health and the factors recommended by WHO.

The study analyzes the impact of healthcare financing on medical and demographic indicators in OECD countries. Based on data for the period 2015–2023, the relationship between the level of healthcare spending (per capita at purchasing power parity) and such indicators as preventable and treatable mortality, as well as life expectancy, was studied.

Purpose. To analyze the relationship between the volume of healthcare financing and the health status of the population in the countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

Materials and methods. A retrospective study was conducted based on statistical information the official website of the OECD Observer on health care expenditure and medical and demographic indicators of the health status of the population.

Results and conclusion. The relationship between the level of healthcare financing and health indicators of the population (decrease in mortality, increase in life expectancy) was confirmed. A nonlinear dependence ng related to the initial level of financing and social conditions and the efficient allocation of resources was revealed. It was determined that the greatest effect from increasing funding was achieved in countries with initially low health care costs. A significant discrepancy in preventable mortality rates among different OECD countries was revealed, explained by differences in the organization of health care and the availability of necessary resources. The analysis showed that the COVID-19 pandemic affected the nature of the correlations between funding volumes and medical and demographic indicators, reducing the positive impact of increasing investment in health care. Increased funding for health care helps improve the availability and quality of health care, reduces overall mortality and increases life expectancy, while the effectiveness of investments depends on the initial level of funding and the characteristics of national healthcare systems.

Background. Today, there is an urgent need to carry out an analysis of the global medical tourism market in 2024 in order to determine the strategic prospects of the Russian Federation. The key target macro-regions are China and the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). A comparative analysis of successful foreign practices (Turkey, South Korea, India, Thailand, Malaysia) has been carried out and the systemic limitations of the Russian system have been identified. Based on the analysis, a comprehensive strategy aimed at increasing the export of medical services, including national brand development, introduction of a hybrid management model, creation of a unified digital platform and implementation of cultural and religious adaptation programs, has been proposed. The results of the study include an analysis of the macro-regional policy of international certification systems that undergoes transformation from a focus on the quality and safety of medical care to comprehensive service standards for interaction with foreign patients. The standards of the international certification system Patients International certification system have been studied in detail and the level of involvement of the structural divisions of healthcare organizations in the implementation of international requirements has been assessed.

Introduction. Patient safety is a critical issue in dentistry. Adverse events can harm patients, increase costs, and reduce satisfaction. Understanding their types and frequency is essential for effective risk management and quality improvement.

Objective. The aim of this research is to analyze the current situation regarding adverse events in the provision of surgical care within dental organizations.

Materials and methods. A survey was conducted among medical personnel providing surgical dental care.

Results and discussion. The study of adverse events in surgical dental care revealed that the main causes include complex clinical cases, patient anatomical features, psychological discomfort, human factors, and lack of patient information. To minimize risks, survey participants proposed implementing checklists, improving technical equipment, enhancing staff qualifications, increasing appointment times, and strengthening communication with patients. It was also noted that about one-third of medical institutions already use a system for tracking adverse events, based on incident documentation and regular cause analysis.

Conclusion. A systemic approach to managing the quality and safety of dental care is emphasized as crucial for reducing the number of adverse events and increasing patient trust in healthcare.

Introduction. The main objective of palliative care is to improve the quality of life of patients with a life-threatening disease. In order to improve the quality of organization and provision of palliative care for patients with digestive system cancer, a deeper and more detailed study of their characteristics is required.

The purpose of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis, develop a classification of patients with digestive system cancer, and assess their quality of life.

Materials and methods. This comprehensive study used the analytical and physical method, as well as an expert assessment.

Results and discussion. The classification of patients with digestive system cancer developed during the comparative analysis allowed to optimize the organization and provision of palliative care provided to this patient group and improve the caretaking into account the individual clinical characteristics of cancer patients.

Conclusion. The research discovered new opportunities to improve the quality of life of patients in the study group, taking into account both medical and social performance identified during the study and confirmed by the data studied using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire.

The article presents the experience of using the methods of SERVQUAL and KUBOKACHUS as additional tools for monitoring the quality of medical care provision in the Kirov region.

The purpose of this study is to determine the possibility of using SERVQUAL and KUBOKACHUS marketing methods to control the quality of medical care provision in the Russian Federation.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted in 9 medical organizations that provide outpatient oncological care. A total of 3,624 people (2,844 patients and 780 employees) participated in the study; 33% (1,198 people) were male and 67% were female (2,426 people). The age range was 27 to 64 years. The respondents were selected randomly. A part of the participants underwent random repeated interviews and surveying in order to establish the trends in the perception of the quality of medical care provision over a certain period given the continuous internal changes and transformations. The study period was December 2024-July 2025.

Results. The obtained results allowed to create a ranking of medical organizations providing oncology care. The ranking was based on the patients’ and employees’ perception of provided care quality and calculation of generalizing quality factors. It also helped to identify flaws in the process of providing medical care in various institutions.

Introduction. Over the past decades, cardiovascular diseases have become an even bigger threat to human health. The effect they have on human life in large cities is evident. Efficient prevention of cardiovascular diseases requires the use of a risk-oriented strategy based on early detection of high-risk individuals at the primary care level.

The purpose of the study is to summarize modern innovative approaches to assessing cardiovascular risks and substantiating strategies for preventing atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD).

Results. The list of reviewed risk assessment models included the following: PREVENT 2023, pooled cohort equations (PCE), SCORE2, SMART 2, EUROASPIRE, LIFE-CVD, and other scales. Modern ACC/AHA and ESC/EAS guidelines were highlighted with focus on selecting comprehensive ASCVD prevention strategies, which may encompass the use of statins. The role of instrumental assessment of coronary calcification and ultrasound imaging of carotid arteries was also discussed.

Conclusions. The use of risk calculators allows for timely decisions about initiating or intensifying therapy based on the expected clinical benefit. However, even the validated models based on large population datasets do not always assess the risk accurately, especially in atypical cases. Therefore, risk stratification should also incorporate additional (non-traditional) markers, such as subclinical atherosclerosis indicators, inflammation biomarkers, imaging data, and genetic predictors.

The review covers modern diagnostic methods: Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing (NGS), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and its modifications in real time (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and diagnostic test systems (DTS) developed on their basis. Using common chronic and infectious diseases as an example, the fundamental principles and modern versions of these methods are discussed, indicating their advantages and limitations for clinical use. The current problems and factors hindering the widespread introduction of these diagnostic methods into healthcare practice in Russia, as well as directions of their development in the near future, are analyzed.

Introduction. Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide. A hereditary component accounts for about 5–10% of all breast cancers, emphasizing the importance of genetic testing to detect high risk individuals. However, the process of genetic testing is associated with various psychological and ethical issues, including psychological burden on patients, the risk of genetic discrimination, and the need to inform relatives about the test results.

Purpose. To evaluate the significance of pre-test counseling in the process of genetic testing for hereditary forms of breast cancer.

Materials and methods. A questionnaire was created to assess the level of patient awareness about hereditary breast cancer. The impact of medical genetic counseling on sharing information with relatives was also studied. The study was conducted at the Center for Personalized Medicine of the A.S. Loginov Moscow Scientific Center.

Results. It was found that patients who underwent pre-test counseling were significantly more likely to inform their relatives about the GT results. In the group without pre-test counseling, fear of receiving negative information and anxiety about data confidentiality predominated.

Introduction. Despite advances in medical science and technology, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of death worldwide. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the role of social determinants of health: education level, income, working conditions, access to healthcare, ethnicity, and housing conditions. WHO studies and large population-based cohorts (e.g., HAPIEE, ESSE-RF) show that individuals from socially vulnerable groups face a higher risk of developing hypertension, coronary heart disease, and stroke. Integrating medical and social strategies is key to reducing the burden of CVD and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals on health.

The aim of this article was to analyze the influence of social determinants on the prevalence and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of existing and prospective population-based screening models in terms of their accessibility, equity, and potential to reduce the burden of CVD in a context of social inequality.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted based on data from screening and medical examination programs in three regions of the Russian Federation – Moscow, the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, and the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic – covering 42,360 adults aged 18-75 years for 2020-2023. Official statistics from the Ministry of Health, medical records, sociodemographic data, and the results of international cohort studies were used. CVD diagnostics were based on ESC, NCEP ATP III, and WHO standards. Descriptive and comparative statistics, regression analysis, and geographic information system (QGIS) analysis were used. The study is analytical in nature and aims to evaluate the effectiveness of screening, taking into account the social determinants of health.

Comorbidity, that is, the simultaneous presence of two or more chronic diseases, has become a prevalent phenomenon in modern medicine, especially in relation to internal pathologies. The aim of this article was to justify the need for transition from fragmented care to a personalized, multidisciplinary, and digital model for comorbidity patients, as well as to propose a “Digital Integrated Clinical Platform” concept for primary healthcare adapted to Russian background. Materials and methods. The analysis included data about 18,740 patients aged 50 years and older with multimorbidity in Moscow, the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, and the Chechen Republic for the period 2020-2024 obtained from the Unified State Health Information System (EGISZ), electronic medical records, and regional registries. Official reporting forms of the Ministry of Health, clinical data, and the results of international studies (Chronic Care Model, ESSE-RF, HAPIEE) were used. In this study, such methods as descriptive and comparative statistics, polypharmacy analysis (STOPP/ START criteria), regression analysis predicting hospitalization length and quality of life (EQ-5D-5L), as well as system and SWOT analysis of digital platforms and care models were used. Results. Analysis of data about 18,740 patients with comorbidity revealed a high polypharmacy burden (an average of 7.3 medications), particularly in regions with low digital engagement that lack specialized care. The data confirm the need to create a unified digital platform for standardized and secure management of multimorbid patients across the country.

Introduction. In recent years, nonprofit organizations (NPOs) have increasingly become involved in strengthening public health in Russia. The purpose was to determine the contribution of NPOs to promoting a healthy lifestyle and disease prevention and supporting vulnerable groups in Russia and to determine the mechanisms of interaction between NPOs and government institutions and ways to improve the effectiveness of their activities.

Materials and methods. An analytical review of materials published in Russian for 2015– 2025 and regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation was carried out. The eLIBRARY and CyberLeninka databases, official websites of the Russian Ministry of Health and leading NPOs were used. A comparative method and synthesis of data from different sources were used. The materials were systematized by key areas of NPO activity.

Results. NPOs are involved in educational campaigns, disease prevention, population health management, and social support for vulnerable groups; in some cases, NPOs complement state healthy lifestyle and prevention programs. The regulatory framework of the Russian Federation provides for state support for NPOs working in the healthcare sector (taking into account changes for 2025) and the development of volunteering in public and medical projects.

Conclusions. NPOs act as an important auxiliary and complementary part of the public health system. To improve efficiency, transparency of financing, simplification of interaction with government agencies, and systemic integration of NPOs into regional and federal program initiatives are necessary. Monitoring and evaluation of NPO activities will remain critically important for optimizing resources and scaling up successful experiences.

Introduction. The staffing of the healthcare system and the working conditions of medical workers are key factors affecting the quality and effectiveness of medical services. In an ever-changing medical landscape, managing the motivation and professional development of medical personnel is one of the key tasks for healthcare institutions. The purpose of this article was to examine the impact of physical, psychological, and social aspects of working conditions on the professional motivation of healthcare professionals.

Materials and methods. A sociological survey conducted among 390 medical workers of various specializations in the Moscow region revealed that more than 70% of respondents consider improving working conditions, including vocational training and access to modern technologies, important for increasing their motivation and career growth. The results showed that support from management and the creation of a positive work environment contribute to increasing job satisfaction and reducing stress. The key factors influencing the level of professional burnout have been identified, and areas for improving working conditions that can increase motivation and the quality of medical services provided have been found out. The results of the conducted research can become the basis for further analysis and development of recommendations for improving working conditions and increasing motivation of medical workers.

Introduction. Oral health of school-aged children is an essential part of the general health and social well-being of the younger generation. Poor oral hygiene, lack of dental hygiene skills, and low disease awareness are significant risk factors contributing to early development of caries, periodontal, and other dental diseases. According to the World Health Organization and domestic epidemiological studies, caries remains one of the most common chronic diseases in children, and its prevention requires not only clinical but also educational, organizational, and managerial decisions.

The purpose of the study was to summarize and scientifically analyze the existing experience in implementing comprehensive oral health literacy programs among schoolchildren and evaluate their effectiveness according to medical, hygienic, behavioral, and organizational criteria, as well as to elaborate practical recommendations for improving the prevention of oral diseases among the pediatric population.

Materials and methods. The study used data analysis from pilot prevention programs implemented in a number of subjects of the Russian Federation (Moscow, the Republic of Tatarstan, and Yaroslavl Region) using reporting materials from regional healthcare and education departments, questionnaires for schoolchildren and parents (n=1280), expert interviews with medical and educational specialists (n=36), and comparative assessment of the dynamics of dental morbidity indices (CPI, hygiene index) in test and control groups. The effectiveness was assessed using a combination of quantitative and qualitative criteria, descriptive statistics, and content analysis methods.

Results. An analysis of prevention programs implemented in various regions of the Russian Federation and abroad allows to identify a number of key characteristics common to initiatives that have demonstrated sustained effectiveness in improving oral health literacy and reducing the prevalence of oral diseases among school-aged children.