Introduction. The article analyzes the incidence of gastritis and duodenitis among children based on the data provided by medical organizations subordinate to the Moscow Healthcare Department. The disease incidence is presented by age groups.
Materials and methods. The data was obtained from the Federal Statistical Observation Form No. 12 “Information on the number of diseases registered in patients living in the service area of a medical organization”, Form of Federal Statistical Monitoring No. 30 “Information about a medical organization” for the period from 2019 to 2023, as well as data on child population in Moscow published on the official website of the Federal State Statistics Service.
Results and conclusions. The analysis of the incidence of gastritis and duodenitis in the observed period showed that the most vulnerable age groups are children aged 10-14 years and adolescents (39.9% and 37.0% out of the total number over the past five years, respectively). Among all age groups, there is a negative dynamic in the overall and primary incidence of gastroduodenitis. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that there is a moderate incidence of gastritis and duodenitis among the child population in Moscow. Special attention should be paid to preventive measures and health-improving programs in order to reduce the incidence rate and ensure the health of the rising generation.

To date, treating type I diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a difficult clinical task that is based, from the traditional point of view, exclusively on adjusting an insulin dose and monitoring a daily carbohydrate intake. Dietary changes are not considered a type of treatment in T1D patients yet, although this autoimmune disease is accompanied by disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. The article explores the international experience in the use of a low-carbohydrate diet and the features of disease development when putting patients into ketosis on a ketogenic diet. Article discusses the clinical experience obtained during T1D patient management, including ketogenic diet and mitochondrial support, at the clinic “PlanetaMed”. In addition, the article describes the case reports and case studies. According to the clinical experience of “PlanetaMed” specialists, the use of a ketogenic diet results in a decreasing blood glucose level in almost all cases. The average dose of injected insulin was 22.8 units before the ketogenic diet and 6,625 units during the ketogenic diet. The absolute decrease was 16.205 units, and the relative decrease was 70.9%. At the same time, the concentration level of glucose decreased by 39.2%. The decrease in blood glucose level and the injected insulin dose were connected (correlation coefficient: 0.76). Therefore, the studies have shown a significant positive impact of a ketogenic diet on the treatment of T1D patients.

Introduction. The effectiveness of professional education in students largely depends on subjective health assessments such as well-being, which affects psychological resistance in stressful situations and unusual conditions; prevention of maladjustment, neurotic disorders, and abnormal stress responses, and adaptability. Identification of aspects indicating decline in well-being (sleep-wake disorders, weakness of volition; autonomic dysfunction, and emotional dysregulation; signs of addiction; physical fatigue and mental exhaustion; psychological fatigue and lack of energy; fears and anxiety) is aimed at being the basis for a new program on mental health promotion and mental disorder prevention.

Purpose. The goal was to determine the main aspects of well-being as a component of subjective health assessment in students.

Methods and materials. A total of 712 adult students from Moscow universities participated in the study on a voluntary basis. In order to identify sleep-wake disorders, autonomic dysfunction and emotional dysregulation, signs of addiction, psychological fatigue and lack of energy, anxiety, and fears, the participants were provided with two questionnaires: “Mood is health,” elaborated by G. S. Odinokov, and “Symptomatic questionnaire of well-being,” developed by A. Volkov and N. E. Vodopyanova. Then, the data were processed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and the Chaddock–Snedecor scale.

Results. It was revealed that the level of well-being as a component of subjective health assessment in students was above-average. There was an average level of sleep-wake disorders, emotional dysregulation, psychological fatigue and lack of energy, anxiety and fears, as well as a below-average level of weakness of volition, autonomic dysfunction and signs of addiction. A strong correlation between the total and final results of well-being aspects and sleep-wake disorders, weakness of volition, autonomic dysfunction and emotional dysregulation, signs of addiction, psychological fatigue and lack of energy, fears and anxiety indicates that the lower these components, the higher the well-being.

Background. Healthcare professionals fall into the professions that significantly strengthen national economy. In order to avoid national economic losses, we should protect older healthcare professionals as a source of national workforce by developing and implementing a health-saving technology that prolongs their professional effective activity. Based on the previously conducted sociological survey of doctors providing medical care in the polyclinics of Moscow and Moscow Oblast, an assessment of the doctors’ professional competencies was carried out [1] and an organizational technology was formed [2] and then submitted to an expert evaluation.

Objective. To expertly evaluate the importance of the activities that are included in the organizational technology prolonging the professional effective activity of older doctors.

Materials and methods. The methods of sociological, statistical and expert evaluation were used for studying the experts’ opinions on the importance of each activity of organizational technology for prolonging the professional effective activity of healthcare professionals. Experts (n = 50) were asked to rank the activities according to the importance for achieving the result – support for the professional effective activity of doctors - in the case of the implementation of this organizational technology. The experts were specialists in the field of healthcare and public health: chief physicians, heads of departments of polyclinics in Moscow and Moscow Oblast, accredited in the specialty of the Higher Attestation Commission 03.02.03 "Public health, organization and sociology of healthcare, medical and social expertise" with leadership experience in healthcare from 1 to 29 years. The objectivity of experts’ judgment is based on their knowledge and expertise in healthcare and public health.

Findings. The experts progressively evaluated the organizational technology, firstly by each stage and then as a whole. Thus, it was made a conclusion on the effectiveness of organizational technology preserving medical competencies and prolonging the professional effective activity of older doctors.

Background. The surgical specialists, including oral and maxillofacial surgeons (OMFSs), must constantly acquire high professional competencies by expanding theoretical knowledge as well as by improving the skills to perform complex surgical interventions in the head and neck area. Current two-year residency program doesn’t provide adequate theoretical training with opportunities to practice all the necessary skills. Therefore, the task of healthcare managers and heads of continuing professional education (CPE) faculties at medical universities is to create the relevant conditions for elaborating advanced training programs. As a result, there emerged needs and prospects to develop up-to-date innovative educational and methodological activities.

Objective. Improving the skills to perform surgical procedures among OMFSs in the system of Moscow Healthcare Department.

Materials and methods. A survey of employees from the healthcare organizations of Moscow Healthcare Department were conducted in order to identify the skill level of OMFSs in performing basic surgical procedures. A practice-oriented education program with improving manual skills on cadaveric material was developed and approved based on the results of survey. Six practical dissection courses were held from November to December 2023 at the premises of the Interdisciplinary Training Center for Innovative Surgical Technologies of the State Budgetary Institution of Healthcare “L. A. Vorohobov City Clinical Hospital No. 67 of Moscow Healthcare Department”.

Findings and discussions. An educational program “Features of the surgical procedures for post-traumatic defects and deformities of the bones of middle face region. Features of the surgical procedures on the parotid gland. Features of the surgical procedures on the oral and maxillofacial region in medical emergencies” was developed with a volume of 18 credits. The course participants included 54 OMFSs working at the healthcare organizations of Moscow Healthcare Department. The results of final testing showed that all 54 participants successfully completed the educational program. According to the data collected by questionnaires, the satisfaction of trained specialists with the quality of educational services was 9.54 points.

Conclusion. The study has demonstrated that it is promising to organize the training of medical specialists within the CPE framework with the opportunity to improve practical skills on a cadaveric material at the premises of innovative training centers. Such training improves the systems of healthcare and CPE and minimizes the number of errors and complications in clinical practice, thereby increasing the effectiveness of treatment and the patient outcomes.

Introduction. One of the most relevant topics in the development of a modern training model in the system of continuing professional education for health professionals is the implementation of mixed and hybrid education. This approach combines the advantages of in-person interaction with the lecturer and the convenience of distance learning.

The purpose of this article was to describe the experience of introducing mixed and hybrid training for medical specialists into additional professional education programs as well as to find out their satisfaction with new education formats.
Materials and methods. In order to assess the satisfaction degree with mixed and hybrid education of students attending continuing professional education and advanced training courses, a sociological study based on questionnaire data was carried out.
The results show that the majority of students prefer mixed and hybrid forms of education. It may indicate the relevance of integrating traditional and modern approaches into the educational process in order to comply with the preferences of students and provide them with conditions, which enable successful learning

Today, global health and medical tourism issues are put on the front burner by the international community. Governments intend to design strategies for developing multi-country medical tourism programs while the number of cross-border private trips for medical services is increasing. All of this significantly contributes to the improvement of national healthcare systems.
Internationalization is one of the major trends in the progress of global health, covering aspects of information, analytics and research. It results in a growing volume of medical services received abroad. These processes are called medical tourism in the context of global migration and the export of medical services in the context of the development of national economies.

The key to providing high-quality and affordable health care to all citizens of the Russian Federation is to efficiently use the funds allocated within the state guarantee programs for free medical care. It is also one of the main tasks for optimizing the healthcare funding process.
It is considered that medical organizations, especially those of primary care (i.e., providing outpatient services), must operate in an efficient way. This principle lays the foundation for value-based healthcare, which puts people first in the healthcare system.
The list of performance indicators for medical organizations financed under the per capita funding standard by the number of attached persons was provided as a mandatory annex to the tariff agreement concluded in the Russian regions.
The article discusses the relevance of laying down the criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of medical organizations in a regulatory document. The changes made by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in the requirements for the structure and content of such documents are addressed. The adjustments to the list of indicators depicting the effectiveness of outpatient polyclinic care were assessed, and additional criteria were given.

Introduction. The potential of using big data analytics in the management system of healthcare organizations is of interest to healthcare managers, with a notable emphasis from the research community on the correlation between the incorporation of big data analytics and its advantages for healthcare organizations, particularly in terms of resource allocation and operational efficiency.
The purpose of the study was to summarize scientific data characterizing the potential of big data analytics on healthcare organizations' management practices.
Materials and Methods. A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, eLibrary, CyberLeninka and ScienceDirect databases, as well as the World Health Organization datasets, covering the use of big data analytics in healthcare. In this study, keyword and phrase searching on the following requests was performed: ”big data in healthcare organization management”, “big data analytics in healthcare”, “big data”, “analytics”, “management”, “healthcare”.
Results. The study involved an in-depth analysis and consolidation of both general and specific aspects of the potential of big data analytics in the management practices of healthcare organizations. The benefits of big data analytics implementation in personnel management, as well as its efficiency in prognosing the number of referrals to emergency departments and tracking the prescription and intake of medications, were identified.

Introduction. The article explores current trends in the development of information technologies in healthcare, as well as the problems and needs that can be addressed through their implementation. In conclusion, it emphasizes the necessity of promoting and applying information technologies in the healthcare sector for socio-economic development, improvement of quality, and ensuring universal access to medical services.
Purpose. The aim of this analysis was to examine current trends in the development of medical informatics in modern society. The primary focus was on application of information technologies in the healthcare sector, encompassing aspects such as computers, software, electronic medical records, telemedicine, and other innovative technologies. This analysis was focused on identifying current trends, changes, and innovations in the field of medical informatics, as well as understanding the impact of these technologies on the quality and efficiency of medical practice.
Materials and Methods. An analysis of Russian and foreign open sources, including peer-reviewed specialized scientific journals, articles obtained from electronic search platforms such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Elibrary.ru, as well as reports from Russian and international analytical companies from 2015 to 2023, was carried out.
Results. The conducted analysis reveals challenges and prospects in the development and implementation of information technologies in Russian healthcare sector. Trends and development vectors in the digital technology sector were identified emphasizing the necessity of technology transfer from research to industry, internationalization of developments, creating conditions for attracting foreign investments to Russia, and protecting national strategic sectors.

Background. To date, one of the key tasks of our time, which has yet to be solved, is to provide medical services remotely using constantly advancing information and communication technologies. It is medical sciences that urgently needs ICT tools for various scopes: providing medical care in remote regions, organizing continuous education of medical personnel, managing electronic patient records, implementing mobile diagnostic devices, and managing network of branches or medical facilities at the institutional level. Telemedicine is a necessity, especially for patients with comorbid chronic diseases like cancer.

Objective. To evaluate utilization of digital technologies at various stages of cancer care, through the example of artificial intelligence.

Materials and methods. A systematic literature review was conducted using PRISMA. The search was carried out in such databases as Elibrary, PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar by keywords “Telemedicine in oncology”, “COVID-19 in oncology”, “Artificial Intelligence”, “Digital Technologies”, “Data Personalization”, and “Teleoncology”. Publications not primarily focused on evaluating telemedicine technologies in oncology were excluded from the review process.

Results. The literature review was conducted to consider the rapid integration of telemedicine since the pandemic, the risks associated with the widespread use of telemedicine in oncology, and the use of artificial intelligence in oncology, including the early detection and diagnosis of cancer. In conclusion, it is noted that the digitalization of healthcare radically changes the clinical workflow by expanding the possibilities for obtaining information from both medical staff and patients. Experience-based medicine is being replaced by an evidence-based, patient-centered approach. The rapidly developing artificial intelligence technologies will continue to have a great impact on the oncology in the near future. Both medical staff and scientific community must be prepared for the coming changes.

Introduction. A sufficient level of physical activity (PA) is crucial for maintaining population health. There is a wide range of methods and approaches to PA assessment, such as questionnaires that are a convenient tool for assessment of PA levels. Another modern way to assess PA is individual wearable devices, including accelerometers. Data obtained from accelerometers and other tools can contribute to questionnaire results used in PA studies. Purpose. This review was carried out with the aim of considering modern trends, examples and common methods of physical activity assessment of city residents.
Materials and methods. Relevant information was collected using PubMed and E-Library databases. Google and Yandex search systems were used to obtain additional data.
Results. This paper describes global trends in modern PA studies, presents the examples of Russian and foreign papers on PA of city population, as well as summarizes the main features of PA assessment tools. Notably, PA can be assessed using subjective and objective methods. International and national questionnaires are widely applied as a subjective assessment tool. At the same time, technologies for objective assessment based on digital systems, wearable devices and other approaches to PA monitoring are being developed. Methods for assessing PA can be selected in several stages using decision-making algorithms.
Conclusions. Upon the obtained results we assume that modern study design and methods of assessment of PA level among city residents helps to identify factors influencing the formation and maintenance of healthy lifestyle in urban environment.

Introduction. Healthcare workers are an important part of national healthcare systems ensuring its sus­tainability. Thus, it is necessary to introduce state mechanisms aimed at protecting their health and ensuring safe working conditions. Moreover, protection of rights and interests of healthcare workers is a matter of so­cial justice. International and national public organizations and especially trade unions of healthcare workers play an important role in dealing with these issues.

The purpose of the study is to consider examples of trade union activities on health protection and pro­vision of safe working conditions in a number of countries upon the data on health issues that experience medical specialists as well as factors influencing these issues.

Materials and methods. A content analysis of the official Internet pages of trade union organizations and their reporting documents for 2015-2024 was performed. Also, such methods as analysis, synthesis, second­ary analysis and systematization of data were used.

Results. Around the world, healthcare workers face occupational risks of infectious diseases, and are con­stantly exposed to various types of biological and non-biological hazards due to their working conditions, which are considered unsafe. Even cases of ill-treatment, threats, attacks or insults during the performance of professional duties are documented. Therefore, protection of health and safety of medical professionals, as well as their social and labor rights and interests is one of the main areas of trade unions as public organiza­tions created on the initiative of healthcare workers.

This article provides a summary of the V Anniversary Forum with International Participation “Sociolo­gy of Health: New Forms of Interdisciplinary Synergy,” which took place at the end of 2023. Based on the materials of the Forum, topical issues in the field of applying social research methodologies to healthcare organization are observed. Among them are such topics as the value and strategies for applying interdisci­plinary approaches, the emergence of new trends and understanding of old ones in healthcare digitalization (neural networks, new research methods, gamification, transformation of communication), focusing on cer­tain vulnerable population groups, e.g., the senior population and their health, increasing attention to mental health issues, etc. The Forum offered new forms of interdisciplinary dialogue, connecting standard scientific sections with novel ideas such as immersive spaces. According to survey results, the event was highly appre­ciated by listeners, showing how well it matched their interests.

The article explores the history of the N. A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health by examining archival materials and scientific publications from the Institute's staff. It highlights the key achievements of the Institute over its 80-year existence, showcasing its significant impact on both scientific advancements and the healthcare system in Russia.

Background. Health promotion and universal health coverage are among the functions of any healthcare system which include public, private and voluntary organizations providing health services to the population. However, healthcare actors cannot single-handedly ensure the accessibility of medical care to all individuals. It is intersectoral interactions that could improve the capabilities, performance and efficiency of healthcare system.

Objective. To consider the possibilities of intersectoral collaboration in healthcare through the relevant examples of the implementation of intersectorality in healthcare practices.

Materials and methods. Common research methods with the content analysis of international scientific articles as the main one were applied. The practices of intersectoral interaction for ensuring public health promotion and access to medical care were identified and collected from all analyzed articles.

Results. Intersectoral collaboration might be carried out between various departments and authorities, educational and civil society organizations, commercial companies and other entities. The performance and efficiency of intersectoral collaboration are achieved using the specially developed tools. The international practice of intersectoral collaboration on public health protection issues has many great examples of interac­tions facilitating the accomplishment of different goals, such as accessibility of medical care, prevention of noncommunicable diseases, and health emergency response.

Introduction. Navigation is one of the oldest professions associated with a wide range of factors that neg­atively affect physical, mental, and social well-being. Besides the general characteristics of the seafarer's profession, the wellbeing of women onboard depends on physiological characteristics, the social environment and the team's social climate. In international practice, there is a vast experience of the participation of the non-profit sector in addressing issues of seafarers' health. A special attention is paid to women's public orga­nizations, whose activities are focused on women seafarers.

The purpose of the study was to review the activities of public (non-governmental, non-profit) women's organizations aimed at protecting the health of civilian female seafarers.

Materials and methods. In this research, general scientific research methods were used: analysis, synthesis, generalization, as well as secondary data analysis of the international study “Women Seafarers' Health and Welfare Survey,” where health problems and accessibility of medical care for civilian female seafarers were discussed.

Results. Civil navigation, both on land and at sea, is regarded as one of the most difficult professions in the world. Working conditions may lead to a wide range of problems with physical, mental, and emotional well-being of seafarers. Women employed in civil navigation face specific problems related to their health and its protection, as well as to the availability of health care. When the protection of women's health is not supported by the shipowner or ship management team, it can be provided by public organizations of women seafarers.

Introduction. In healthcare, automation refers to the use of technology to replace manual labor with mecha­nized processes. It offers solutions to some of the biggest challenges in this field by increasing work efficiency and improving the quality of medical care.

The aim of the study was to explore the potential impact of automation on healthcare practices and to investigate the perceptions of healthcare professionals towards these innovations.

Materials and methods. The study utilized general scientific research methodologies, including analysis and synthesis. Through the examination of secondary data, the findings of a sociological survey conducted by Google Cloud commissioned by Harris Poll were analyzed and presented in the context of the studied topic. The questionnaire was filled in by 300 doctors across the United States.

Results. Over the next years, global automation in healthcare is expected to see a significant growth due to various growth factors including the continuous improvement of healthcare automation technologies, growing public investment, as well as recognition of the benefits of automation in medical logistics processes, laboratory research and other types of medical and related activities. Automation, such as information tech­nology and control systems, reduces individual efforts in multiple procedures.