Introduction. According to the World Health Organization, the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) has eliminated the global results of a steady increase in life expectancy, affecting countries and territories all over the world in different ways. Subjects of the Russian Federation have also been unevenly affected by COVID-19, causing changes in such a complex indicator as the population health index.

The aim of the study was to determine the population health index of the subjects of the Russian Federation based on a number of health-related indicators of the SDG for 2022, as well as the most developed and the most vulnerable regions, taking into account the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and methods. The Health index of the Russian subjects (oblast is a federal region, okrug is a district, republic, etc.) was calculated upon the recommendations of the World Health Organization on the calculation of the urban health index. Additionally, correlation analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling were used.

Results. The highest values of the population health index were observed in Moscow, North Ossetia, Sevastopol, St. Petersburg, and Tyumen Oblast (range from 0.241 to 0.239), while Ivanovo Oblast, Tver Oblast, Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, and Pskov Oblast (range from 0.191 to 0.000) showed the lowest indicators. The inequality coefficient is 1.532, which reflects a certain degree of health inequality among the population of Russian subjects.

Conclusion. Despite the limitations due to the calculation methodology, the results of the study provide clear information on the state of population health in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, taking into account the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has posed unprecedented pressure on regional healthcare systems. The results of the index calculation can serve as the basis for a more detailed assessment of health-related factors among the population living in the territories with the lowest index indicators.

Background. Improving the culture of health and the formation of the need to preserve and maintain health is a complex healthcare problem, since it can be associated with a wide range of social determinants, which include, but are not limited to, family upbringing, access to education, economic conditions, socio-demographic characteristics and the influence of the information environment. New challenges faced by modern society, including the rapid growth of digital technologies, changing social norms and environmental degradation, significantly influence the approaches to the formation of a culture of health and maintaining a health-saving lifestyle among young people.

The purpose of the study was to identify the social determinants that have the greatest impact on the formation of health culture among adolescents aged 15-18 years.

Materials and methods. In the course of the work, a theoretical analysis of scientific literature studying the influence of social determinants on the culture of adolescent health was carried out. A study using the survey method was conducted with participation of 15-18 year-olds studying at the Pre-University of I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University and similar educational institutions of Bryansk, Magadan, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Saratov, and Donetsk.

Results. The study showed that family environment, educational system and socio-economic status have a significant impact on the development of adolescent health culture. The most common factors that have the most negative impact (binge eating, simultaneous eating and reading, abuse of salt, sweets and spices, sleep disorders), as well as less common (use of toxic drugs, procrastination, computer games, physical and emotional overload and sport injuries) were identified. One third of the surveyed schoolchildren reported about a combination of several health risks.

Conclusion. The study increases knowledge about social determinants that are key to understanding of the culture and health of adolescents. The analysis focused on critical aspects such as the social environment and its impact on health, individual attitudes to health, and behavioral risks relevant to the psychophysical development of adolescents. Upon the results of the conducted study, a “Database of monitoring of sociocultural factors of health and healthcare” was created.

Background. “Teamwork and leadership” is a core universal competency established by the Federal State Educational Standards of the Russian Federation. All students in any higher education program (specialist’s, bachelor's, master's, and other degrees) should acquire this competency before graduation since teamwork is a leading way to carry out joint activities. Therefore, it is crucial to study the development of teamwork skills among yesterday's students and future specialists with higher medical education.

Materials and methods. The authors analyzed the models of team development and the indicators of acquiring teamwork and leadership skills among future nurses and doctors. As a result, six components of effective team development in a medical organization were identified: support from leaders, team synergy, mutual understanding and confidence in team members, mutual assistance and support, consensus in goals and intentions, delineation of responsibilities, and assignment of roles. These components laid the foundation for the team development model in a medical organization.

Findings. The empirical study involved future doctors and nurses as well as practicing medical staff (n = 472). It was found that the processes for fostering the readiness of future doctors and nurses for teamwork were generally at a satisfactory level. Meanwhile, 56.9% of future doctors and almost half of future nurses could not unequivocally answer the question about classes for developing teamwork skills. Respondents are likely to acquire teamwork skills both in and out of the classroom.

Discussion. The questions “Where and when should students acquire teamwork skills?” and “Whether educational programs should include special classes dedicated to developing teamwork skills?” require additional studies.

Genetic pathologies remain a major challenge in modern medicine, although medical technologies, laboratory diagnostics, and targeted therapy tools have significantly developed and expanded. Since etiopathogenetic therapy is not provided, children with genetic disorders receive only symptomatic treatment stabilizing their status and mitigating life-threatening factors, but not contributing to even a partially functional recovery of damaged organs. Angelman syndrome is a rare and severe genetic pathology characterized by delayed psychomotor development, seizures, and conduct disorders. Patients with this diagnosis have, in general, a poor prognosis for development and socialization. Stem cell transplantation is a promising approach to treating various genetic, neurodegenerative, and autoimmune diseases. The article describes two clinical cases of patients with verified Angelman syndrome who received a combination therapy with stem cell transplantation as a key method. Health outcomes were analyzed using the data of physical examination, assessment of neurological and psychological statuses, testing methods of neuroimaging and functional medicine, and laboratory testing of hormonal, mitochondrial, immune states of patients. The results showed a significant improvement in patients’ psychomotor development and a positive dynamic in laboratory and functional indicators. Therefore, the studied combination therapy approach could become a promising method for treating patients with severe genetic diseases accompanied by serious nervous system damage.

Background. The large city of Krasnoyarsk represents a unique urban environment where various indicators, such as ecology, infrastructure, healthcare, and education services, play an important role in shaping the level of residents’ satisfaction and impacting their quality of life.

Purpose: To study the level of the population’s satisfaction with the quality of life indicators in Krasnoyarsk.

Material and methods. A sociological survey was conducted using a questionnaire. The authors also applied the random sampling technique. The sample size was 687 respondents.

Results. The study identified several key problems: low levels of satisfaction with environmental quality, quality of medical services, and accessibility of healthcare organizations; low income of the population; limited opportunities for recreation and entertainment. Overall, the study highlights the importance of further studying and improving quality of life indicators in Krasnoyarsk to increase residents' satisfaction and create a more comfortable urban environment.

Conclusion. Based on the level of the population’s satisfaction, it is possible to consider public opinion in management decision-making and developing social programs for urban infrastructure planning.

Introduction. Professional training of future specialists involves not only acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities and development of professionally important qualities, but also prevention of somatoform disorders among students that is understood as a tendency to feel, experience and report the presence of educational and professional stress in the form of physical symptoms, in particular, symptoms of anxiety. Leveling out psychosomatic symptoms that negatively affect the skin, respiratory, digestive, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal systems of students will serve as the basis for a psychological prevention program.

Purpose. The goal was to identify the features of psychosomatic symptoms in the health profile of students.

Methods and materials. A total of 654 adult students from Moscow universities participated in the study on a voluntary basis. In order to identify health conditions and physical symptoms reflecting the response to negative factors and hidden emotions, the participants were asked to fill out two questionnaires: “How healthy are you?” elaborated by O.P. Novykh and “Psychosomatics of our life,” developed by I.K. Odintsov. Then, the data were processed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and the Chaddock scale.

Results. The following features of psychosomatic symptoms were revealed: average health condition characterized by an above-average level of disorders of the digestive system and negative skin reactions; average level of disorders of the cardiovascular system and general somatization indicators; below-average level of disorders of the respiratory system and the musculoskeletal system.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a profound impact on patients' health-related quality of life (QoL). Particular problems are caused by the end-stage disease, which leads to the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT). Physicians and patients face the challenge of choosing a type of RRT. In this case, it is necessary to take into account not only survival rates but also the quality of life of patients who undergo the therapy, because the ability to function and maintain well-being is one of the treatment goals recommended by the World Health Organization. Therefore, assessing QoL and identifying factors influencing it becomes increasingly important in terms of therapy effectiveness and measures aimed at improving outcomes.

The purpose of this work was to review recent scientific studies assessing the quality of life among peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD) patients, as well as identifying the better RRT type and risk factors that affect the quality of life. In order to identify the most relevant RRT type, the general questionnaires SF-36 and EQ-5D were used. A search for scientific studies was carried out in the international PubMed/MEDLINE database in April 2024 using the keywords: chronic kidney disease, quality of life, SF-36, EQ-5D, hemodialysis, and peritoneal dialysis. We selected papers published from 2018 to 2024 where the quality of life of patients with CKD re[1]ceiving such RRT types as hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis was studied.

The results showed that PD is more preferable than HD. To achieve a high quality of life, it is also necessary to carefully treat disorders of calcium and phosphate metabolism and anemia, adequately manage concomitant diseases, assist patients with medical care provided at home, organize educational programs to increase patients’ self-efficacy and self-management, and provide psychological assistance if necessary

Introduction. Salutogenic, or health-promoting design, suggests that the designed environment should not only provide comfortable living space but also support the health and well-being of individuals. However, the rapid process of urbanization is accompanied by significant changes in people's lifestyles and negatively affects mental health. Thus, it is necessary to study the impact of urban environment on the citizens mental health, as well as to summarize and analyze technologies of health-promoting design in urban environment.

Objective. To justify the problem of high prevalence of chronic stress among citizens and to summarize the best practices of applying the principles of salutogenic design in the urban environment to overcome stress and prevent psychological problems.

Materials and methods. We conducted a non-systematic narrative literature review in the following data[1]bases: PubMed, Google Scholar, eLibrary.ru. Search request depth covered 20 years from 2003 to 2023.

Results. Urban planning based on the principles of salutogenic design is one of the important tools for ensuring the health of citizens, extending beyond the scope of healthcare system. Moreover, addressing chronic stress, referred to as the «epidemic of the 21st century», can be considered a key direction in implementing salutogenic design in urban planning. The main focus areas of salutogenic design in the urban environment are regulating the density of urban development, creating public spaces, providing landscape design and greenery, offering convenient and safe urban navigation and using arts.

Conclusions. Stress levels in cities are influenced by various factors. Effective urban planning that incorporates salutogenic design principles can contribute to improving public health and creating a supportive urban environment.

Background. The efficiency of healthcare organization activity should be improved and measured using new techniques, as the healthcare system has widely applied advanced technologies and optimized the workflow of all medical facilities. The methodology of data envelopment analysis (DEA) is one of the fast-evolving approaches to assessing the performance of healthcare organizations. The article examines Russian and international experience in applying the DEA method, which can be used for assessing the performance of Moscow public healthcare organizations.

Purpose. To study the basics of DEA and the experience of its use for assessing the efficiency of healthcare organizations in Russia and abroad, and to consider its potential implementation in the Moscow healthcare system.

Materials and methods. The publications were selected using the PRISMA guidelines. A complex of modern general scientific methods of cognition was also used: system and structural approach, analytical method, comparison, and generalization.

Results. The practice of using the DEA method in Russian regions and abroad was analyzed. The main advantages and disadvantages of DEA, as well as the main parameters used in constructing the model of efficiency measurement for healthcare organizations, were categorized. The prerequisites for using the DEA method to assess the efficiency of Moscow healthcare organizations were identified.

Background. Patient safety is a top priority in both Russian and global healthcare. Safety workarounds could contribute to improving safety culture and medical care quality. They are widely used in many industries with complex technological processes, e.g., nuclear energy, and, based on this valuable experience, could be adapted in healthcare. However, the effectiveness of safety workarounds in healthcare is still understudied.

Objective. To investigate the correlation between safety workarounds and safety culture among healthcare staff and to evaluate the impact of workarounds on the occurrence of adverse events.

Materials and methods. The authors carried out a systematic review.

Results. Safety workarounds could contribute to improving safety culture and medical care quality. Additionally, conducting regularly safety workarounds increases the number of errors reported by medical personnel. Furthermore, involving executive management in workarounds enhances quicker decision-making and the implementation of safety changes. However, it is difficult to draw definite conclusions due to the high data heterogeneity and the low quality of some studies.

Conclusion. Security workarounds could be an efficient tool for improving safety culture and medical care quality. However, additional research is needed to assess their impact more accurately.

The article describes how working groups of medical specialists led by the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM) develop standard sets of indicators for patient-centered outcome measures. The main stages of working groups’ activity, methods, and criteria for including indicators were defined. The study showed that outcomes are comparable across countries since standard sets of indicators can be used by healthcare organizations all over the world, regardless of the healthcare model. While it is confirmed that the data obtained using PROM questionnaires are valid and reliable, it is recommended, based on the literature review, to fine-tune the standard sets of indicators for some nosologies to the features of the local healthcare system.

Public health management plays an important role in Russian healthcare system. However, the task is impossible without an integrated assessment. In order to understand modern approaches to integral assessment of public health as well as to develop effective methods for its determination, it is necessary to systematize the existing research data. Countries of vast geographical extent, such as Kazakhstan, are of particular interest, as their regional peculiarities do not allow to elaborate a unified approach aimed at improving public health.

The purpose was to analyze the scientific research findings on integrated assessment of public health in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Material and methods. A keyword search of scientific data available in eLibrary.RU, PubMed, Google Scholar scientometric databases, subsequent study and analysis were carried out. As a result, 35 articles were included in the review for further analysis.

Results. In the scientific literature, there is ambiguity in the choice of criteria for an integrated assessment of public health. The use of different approaches and public health indicators reveals the complexity and multilevel nature of the phenomenon. The revealed weight contributions of various public health indicators, as well as the change in their role in different regions, age groups and other cohort groups indicate the need to adapt unified and standardized approaches using correction factors taking into account the above factors. The existing scientific groundwork on integrated assessment of public health in Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan allows us to predict an upcoming appearance of scientific research that will contain the results of the most accurate and adequate integrated assessment of public health.

Conclusion. A comprehensive assessment of public health is a complex multi-level system that should be measured by integral indicators. In this regard, in order to improve these indicators, it is necessary to clarify the criteria characterizing the high indicative value and coverage of various aspects that determine the level of public health.

Background. Marketing is one of the most difficult tasks in the healthcare business, because it requires a deep understanding of both the specifics of medical services and consumer expectations. Marketing strategies should be carefully planned and adapted to the unique characteristics of the industry, as consumers expect to receive a wide range of high-quality medical services. The specifics of the healthcare sector and the ethical, legal, and operational issues hinder the use of marketing tools. At the same time, successful medical marketing depends on the use of advanced tools and the constant monitoring of their effectiveness.

Purpose. To consider the main factors of marketing strategy and plan development in healthcare and to offer practical recommendations for successfully promoting medical services.

Materials and methods. The authors used general scientific research methods. The data from scientific peer-reviewed journals and analytical reports were synthesized and analyzed. The research materials on the management and development of marketing activities in healthcare organizations and the impact of marketing activities on the effectiveness, stability, and sustainability of the subjects of the medical services market were analyzed.

Results. The marketing of medical services includes a wide range of advanced tools and practices that constantly require attention and performance monitoring. Healthcare is an extremely complicated industry with features directly related to the development of effective marketing strategy and plan.

Introduction. Creating a workplace for workers with disabilities is a difficult task that requires considering a variety of factors. Many workplaces are not equipped with the necessary devices, such as height-adjustable tables, office chairs for disabled, or wheelchair lifts. Also, buildings may lack wheelchair ramps, elevators or wide doorways, which makes it difficult for people with limited mobility to access the workplace. These and many other factors significantly limit the possibilities of professional integration of persons with disabilities.

The purpose of this work was to identify the main challenges of creating an inclusive working environment in order to increase the employment rates of workers with disabilities. In this research, an analysis of Russian and foreign literature was carried out.

Materials and methods. The issues of the employment of workers with disabilities and the creation of an inclusive working environment were considered on the basis of a content analysis of scientific, review, and expert literature published both in scientific peer-reviewed publications and on the Internet. Papers by Russian and foreign authors, analytical data from national statistical agencies, and materials from government and corporate programs aimed at integrating persons with disabilities into social and professional life were studied.

Results. Discussions on disability in the workplace have been extremely limited for a long time. However, statistics show that 5–8% of the working-age population have health problems that limit their ability to carry out professional activities. The workplace should be accessible to all employees, whether for routine work or emergency evacuation. Effective use of international experience as well as continuous improvement of inclusive practices will help to create more accessible and fair working conditions for all.

Introduction. Digital transformation is now integrated into all aspects of modern society around the world, including healthcare. Medical professionals actively use digital services and recommend various wearable devices to patients. The spread of digital technologies requires an appropriate level of digital literacy, which is one of the basic aspects of the professional skills of medical professionals.

The purpose of the article was to study theoretical approaches to determining the concept of digital literacy skills of medical professionals based on an analysis of scientific literature.

Materials and methods. In this paper, the method of content analysis of scientific publications on the digital literacy of medical professionals was used. The authors studied and analyzed articles published in the PubMed database for the period from 2018 to 2023. The study was based on the definition of “digital literacy of medical workers” as a theoretical construct and object of study in the context of assessing the level of education in applied research.

Results. There is a lack of broad research on the self-assessment of digital skills in different groups of medical professionals. It is necessary to obtain broader data on the digital literacy of medical workers in different countries and regions. Places with lower levels of digital literacy require more research in order to better understand the needs for knowledge, skills, and abilities among medical workers.

Introduction. Access to dental care is a key aspect of ensuring public health and well-being. Modern healthcare systems face many challenges related to the provision of high-quality dental services to all patients seeking for medical help. There is a wide range of challenges, from financial and organizational issues to social and cultural aspects. Lack of dental care affects not only oral health but health in general. Limited access to dental care can lead to tooth decay or other conditions that require expensive treatment in hospital settings, thus disrupting more urgent medical needs.

The purpose of this work was to consider the current problems related to the accessibility of dental care. To this purpose, an analysis of Russian and foreign scientific literature was carried out.

Materials and methods. This study used general scientific research methods (generalization, analysis, and synthesis). Papers by Russian and foreign authors as well as analytical reports on public and private programs that contribute to increasing the availability of dental medical care were studied.

Results. In the context of universal health care, access to dental care is considered a vital public health issue. Financial, geographical, cultural, and social barriers to dental care are considered the most significant. In the Russian Federation, according to the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), about 30% of the population does not have regular access to dental services due to financial and geographical barriers.

Introduction. Health insurance literacy is an important aspect of population health that contributes to the functioning of the healthcare system. The significance of health insurance literacy is underscored by data showing substantial financial resources dedicated to medical care through the compulsory health insurance system (CHI). However, surveys reveal that patients' health insurance literacy is generally lower than their overall medical literacy, leading to several issues.

Purpose. The study aims to examine the main aspects of health insurance literacy and its importance for ensuring patient satisfaction with the quality of medical care.

Materials and methods. The authors analyzed scientific literature on population literacy in insurance, health insurance, medical care, etc. 80 participants in Moscow and 80 participants in Surgut were asked to fill out a questionnaire on self-assessment of their level of health insurance literacy. A series of semi-structured interviews were also conducted among doctors of the polyclinics visited by study participants.

Results. Health insurance literacy is the knowledge and practical use of information about mitigating health risks and covering treatment costs through relevant financial institutions. Health insurance literacy is a structured system of competencies that requires a systematic approach. Improving the health insurance literacy of patients is an important task of any healthcare organization, as it can significantly increase the level of patient satisfaction with the quality of medical care and, consequently, the health of the general population.