Introduction. The article presents the results of a sociological study that involved a questionnaire survey of health workers. Data collection was conducted using a researcher-designed questionnaire that included various question blocks addressing personal and professional aspects of the participants' lives. These encompassed areas such as the medical activities of respondents (including medical literacy, hygiene practices, frequency of consultations with medical specialists, overall health status, morbidity, and presence of chronic diseases), workplace factors and conditions, inquiries about the socio-psychological climate within their professional environments, assessments of respondents’ health, and questions regarding risk factors for the development of chronic non-communicable diseases. Through a combination of factor analysis, the authors have formed a medical and social portrait of a modern doctor providing primary health care in city polyclinics in Moscow and the Moscow region.

Purpose. To form a medical and social portrait of a modern city polyclinic physician.

Materials and Methods. The respondents in the study were doctors (n = 400) who provide primary health care to the population of Moscow and the Moscow region in city polyclinics. The research employs several methodologies, including sociological, statistical, and analytical approaches.

Results. The authors present a medical and social portrait of a modern doctor in the outpatient health sector.

The Introduction. The frequency of alcohol-impaired driving accidents has decreased both in Russia and around the world; however, the indicators remain high. Many researchers tend to believe that effective prevention of drunk driving should include not only legal measures but also medical-psychological and social influence.

The aim of the study was to explore predictors of traffic violations related to driving under the influence.

Materials and methods. The sample included drivers having driving licenses revoked due to alcohol-impaired driving who contacted addiction treatment services in order to apply for a driving license after the end of a withdrawal period due to driving while intoxicated (427 participants aged 20-72), as well as drivers with no administrative penalty who contacted addiction treatment services to renew a driving license after its expiration date (84 participants aged 18-70). The data was recorded using the NS-Psychotest Medical computer complex. Statistical data processing performed in IBM SPSS 23 included descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney U test for large samples, Pearson's chi-square test (differences in the distribution of nominal data), exploratory factor analysis, and regression analysis.

Results. Deep statistical analysis allowed to identify predictors of driving under the influence: high levels of distress and stress overload, difficulties with emotional self-regulation, and demonstrative behavior with hyperthymia as a personality type increased the risk of illegal driving behavior, while changes in some cognitive functions and slower reaction times reduced the risk of traffic violation related to intoxication.

Conclusion. Risk and protective factors for driving under the influence were identified. A recommendation to include prognostic variables related to personal and moral values that correspond to the biological, psychological, social, and moral model of addictive behavior in the analysis of predictors was given.

Background. The results of the implementation of value-based healthcare principles are evaluated directly based on a set of indicators that aim to measure this effectiveness. However, the objectivity of such evaluations is often compromised due to the necessity of employing assessment scales that may reflect inconsistent perspectives among various stakeholders who organize and provide medical care. In order to optimally balance subjective and objective characteristics of effectiveness, it is crucial to incorporate the indicators of patient's quality of life and health—as one of the most important components—and the indicators of volume of financial costs to achieve good health, that fully reflect the outcomes of value-based healthcare measures.

Purpose. The study offers a possible list of criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of implementation of value-based healthcare as well as a justification for criteria selection.

Methods and materials. A content-analysis of key regulations governing the organization and provision of primary medical care to the adult population was carried out. Electronic science databases were used to search for scientific literature.

Background. Anatomical and topographic features of the arterial and venous bed of the kidneys are crucial for the proper functioning of the organ and affect the onset of various pathologies, such as hypertension, chronic kidney disease, venous thrombosis, and venous congestion. The kidneys have a complex vascular system, including the renal artery, which supplies the organ with blood, and the renal vein, which ensures blood outflow. Disturbances in these anatomical structures can lead to significant clinical consequences.

Purpose. The article analyzes the topographic and anatomical features of the vascular structures of the kidneys and their relationships. It examines the primary mechanisms that may lead to pathologies associated with impaired blood circulation in the kidneys. In particular, the discussion focuses on the pathophysiology of arterial hypertension, which often occurs due to impaired microcirculation in the kidneys, and chronic kidney disease (CKD), including their vascular aspects. The article also examines modern diagnostic methods such as angiography, ultrasound diagnostics, and MRI, which allow detecting changes in the arterial and venous bed of the kidneys at early stages. Issues associated with impaired venous outflow of blood from the kidneys can cause the development of chronic renal failure, which requires timely diagnosis and intervention.

Conclusions. The author of the article emphasizes the importance of early detection of vascular disorders of the kidneys and the development of effective preventive programs aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality associated with kidney disease. Measures that can be introduced into the public health system are discussed, such as regular screening programs for patients at risk of developing vascular diseases, as well as training programs for health workers.

Background. Glaucoma is the most common cause of irreversible blindness. Knowledge of the risk factors that cause the development of glaucoma is extremely important for the early detection of disease.

Purpose. To assess the risk factors for glaucoma.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted using a questionnaire survey among 318 patients who sought medical care at the Department of Eye Microsurgery No. 2 of the Bishkek National Hospital. 49.0% of respondents were men and 51.0% were women; the percent of respondents aged over 40 years was 41.8±2.7 among men and 44.6±2.7 among women. Statistical methods, such as the calculation of intensive value, biases in representativeness and reliability criteria, were applied. A multifactorial analysis was carried out to assess the share of influence of risk factors. The risk of developing glaucoma was estimated in points (from 30 to 40 — low, from 50 to 70 points — average, over 70 points — high). The prognostic significance of risk factors in men and women was calculated.

Results. The study showed a high risk of glaucoma in both men and women. In men, hereditary predisposition takes the first place in the development of glaucoma; the share of influence was 60.8%. In women, this risk factor is also the leading one, accounting for 67.2%. The second largest share of influence is high blood pressure in men (R=53.3%) and pre-existing diabetes mellitus (R=60.8%) in women. The age over 40 years is in the third place for men and women (R=50.4% and 54.7%, respectively). Diabetes mellitus is also one of the leading risk factors for glaucoma: 47.6% in men and 49.0% in women.

Conclusion. The factor analysis allowed us to identify the main risk factors for glaucoma. The identification of risk factors contributes to the early diagnosis and detection of the clinical and functional features of glaucoma, as well as to the timely treatment that reduces the complications of glaucoma. To reduce the risk of glaucoma, it is necessary to improve the high-quality medical care at all levels of the treatment and diagnostic process and to optimize measures aimed at reducing the prevalence of glaucoma and the impact of individual risk factors.

Background. Wellness and medical tourism are important areas in the tourism and healthcare industry, which are actively developing around the world. Both types of tourism are aimed at improving the health and overall well-being of travelers, but there are important differences between them regarding goals, treatment methods, and travel arrangements. Understanding these differences and similarities allows to more accurately identify the target groups of tourists and also contributes to the development of strategies for the successful development of these areas in the fields of tourism and healthcare.

The purpose of the study is to consider approaches to the definition of the concepts of medical and health tourism and to identify their common and distinctive features that affect the use of terminology in scientific and practical research.

Materials and methods. The study used content analysis of scientific literature on the issues of wellness and medical tourism, as well as methods of grouping and generalization. Medical tourism should be considered a type of tourism for the purpose of obtaining medical care without using natural healing resources.

Results. The scientific research in medical tourism demonstrates a high degree of heterogeneity of methodological approaches to the definition of the most basic concept that delineates the object and subject of study. The primary shared characteristics of these sectors encompass a focus on health improvement, specialized infrastructure, the nature of the target audience, marketing and advertising, the availability of international quality standards, integration with tourism infrastructure, the impact on health and quality of life, and the participation of qualified personnel. The main differences can be determined through the following parameters: target audience groups, risk and degree of medical intervention, legal and insurance aspects, financial motivation, duration and nature of recovery, goals and expectations from the trip, treatment methods and procedures, and financial aspects.

Background. Improving the well-being of patients with cystic fibrosis through comprehensive systematic monitoring of quality of life is one of the urgent tasks of modern healthcare. Assessment methods based on questionnaires have been developed.

Purpose. To systematize information on the properties of key international quality of life questionnaires and to provide a partial review of use cases.

Materials and Methods. Relevant, reliable information for content analysis was extracted from the PubMed and eLibrary bibliographic databases. Materials studying the characteristics and application features of relevant questionnaires were included in the review.

Results and conclusion. The article reviews the most used quality of life questionnaires and summarizes key parameters of their comparison, including applicability. Specific questionnaires were used in international studies more often than others. In Russian scientific publications, quality of life in cystic fibrosis was primarily assessed using generic questionnaires. The Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised (CFQ-R) and the Cystic Fibrosis Quality of Life (CFQoL) questionnaires have proven to be the most common, validated, specific instruments with significant potential for their adaptation to features of clinical registries abroad. According to currently available information, CFQ-R versions and the technique of scientifically based combination of heterogeneous patient outcome measurement scales (general and specific approaches) offer advantages in stepwise searching for ways to widely implement comprehensive assessment methods into routine clinical practice of Russian healthcare organizations.

Background. Stressful working conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic have impaired the job performance and professional image of healthcare workers. A burnout syndrome is developed with the prevalence of alexithymia, depersonalization, distress, maladaptive types and forms of guilt, job dissatisfaction, work-related stress, professional deformations, reduced personal accomplishment, decline in activities of daily living, or emotional exhaustion.

Purpose. To investigate occupational burnout among healthcare workers as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods and materials. A meta-analysis of 102 foreign scientific articles published in the international scientific citation system Scopus on the ScienceDirect platform in 2024 was carried out. For the study purpose, 9 publications that had not previously been analyzed and translated into Russian were selected, systematized and classified by areas of research on occupational burnout of healthcare workers as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results. Three identified areas of research on occupational burnout of healthcare workers as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic were prioritized: 1) identification of occupational burnout of healthcare workers as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic (44.45%); 2) monitoring of occupational burnout of healthcare workers as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic (33.33%); 3) prevention of occupational burnout of healthcare workers as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic (22.22%).

Introduction. The concept of salutogenesis, as opposed to pathogenesis, focuses not on the diseases but on approaches to enhancing health through stress management and resilience building. This approach is particularly relevant in implementing a patient-centered approach within medical organizations, where not only the direct treatment outcomes but also the patient experience and level of subjective well-being of the patient during examinations and treatment are crucial. This article examines the historical development of the concept of salutogenesis and its implementation in practice to improve treatment conditions for patients. The salutogenic approach is analysed as a tool for enhancing patient-centered approach in medical organizations.

Objective. To present the history of the development of the concept of salutogenesis and to summarize the experience of applying salutogenic design approaches in the context of enhancing patient-centered care in medical organizations.

Materials and methods. A search for original studies was conducted in the MEDLINE/ PubMed and Google Scholar databases using keywords and MeSH terms in English and Russian, including “salutogenic design”, “salutogenesis”, “salutogenic architecture”, “biophilic design”, “health”, “health outcomes”, “patients”, “patient outcomes”, “patient-centered care”, “patient-centered approach”, and their Russian equivalents.

Results. Salutogenic design in healthcare organizations helps create a resilient internal environment, enhancing both the patient experience and staff satisfaction with working conditions. Implementing salutogenic design principles requires an interdisciplinary approach involving healthcare management, architecture, psychology, and related fields. A substantial body of research highlights the influence of a healthcare organization’s internal environment on individuals' physical and psychological well-being, as well as practical applications of the salutogenic approach in medical practice, making it a promising tool for enhancing patient-centered care in the healthcare system/

Introduction. Taking into account the growing number of elderly people and patients with chronic diseases, an increase in the volume of in-home medical services requires special attention to quality and safety issues. Medical care provided at home should meet strict standards and protocols. Assessment of the quality of services should be carried out by means of  feedback systems and regular audits, thus improving the interaction between medical staff and patients. The study also examines the need for a multidisciplinary approach to medical staff training and the creation of interdisciplinary teams to ensure effective care.

The purpose of the study was to analyze the existing models of in-home medical care provision, to identify their advantages and disadvantages, as well as to search for optimal ways to improve the quality and safety of the service provided to the adult population.

Materials and methods. In this study, a variety of methodological approaches covering theoretical data analysis were used. Firstly, a literature review analyzing the existing studies and articles on safety and quality of in-home medical care provided to adult patients was conducted. Analytical methods were used for the ordering and further study of the collected data. An abstract and logical approach was used for the logical generalization of materials and the formation of reasoned conclusions.

Results. To improve the quality and safety of in-home medical care provided to the adult population, it is necessary to introduce new work models. The first recommendation refers to the creation of integrated teams that will bring together specialists of various specialties. This will enable the consideration of complex medical and social aspects during the provision of medical care. Another important aspect is the introduction of telemedicine technologies that can significantly improve the accessibility and responsiveness of medical care. Telemedicine will help not only in organizing doctors’ meetings but also in ensuring constant monitoring of patients' conditions. The third recommendation is related to the improvement of the system of training and advanced training of medical professionals. This can be achieved by creating modular training programs that take into account the latest medical achievements and the specific characteristics of various categories of patients.

Introduction. This article examines the impact of the organizational structure on the effectiveness of private medical clinics. The relevance of the chosen topic is confirmed by the growing need for better and more affordable medical care, which sets private clinics the task of optimizing their organizational structures. The purpose of the work is to investigate the impact of various models of organizational structures on the effectiveness of private medical institutions, identify their advantages and disadvantages, and offer recommendations on optimizing the organizational structure to improve the quality of services provided, and improve internal interaction and adaptability to changes in the market environment. Materials and methods. In the course of the research, analytical and comparative methods were used to study the impact of various models of organizational structures on the effectiveness of private medical institutions. Scientific publications devoted to the features of functional, matrix, and design structures, as well as their application in healthcare, were analyzed. A review of practical cases from medical institutions was conducted, including data on the effectiveness of the implementation of various management structures. Secondary data was drawn from reports of medical organizations, scientific articles and publications, as well as empirical studies aimed at assessing the impact of the organizational structure on the quality of service, customer satisfaction, and financial performance. Results. Organizational structure is an important factor determining the effectiveness of an organization. A well-planned structure helps to improve communication, optimize team work, increase flexibility and adaptability, as well as employee engagement. All this leads to an improvement in the quality of medical services provided and a more effective achievement of goals. Optimization of the organizational structure is not a one—time event, but an ongoing process that requires attention and investment in development.

Background. The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the rapid development of information technologies in healthcare. The article discusses the key aspects of introduction of digital technologies into healthcare and training of medical staff.

Purpose. To investigate the impact of digitalization on healthcare, identify key problems and difficulties associated with the adaptation of healthcare workers to new technologies, and develop recommendations for improving the digital competence in medical personnel in order to successfully integrate information technology into clinical practice.

Materials and methods. An integrated approach, including the analysis of scientific literature, regulations, and reports on digitalization in healthcare, was applied. Also, the authors used the results of sociological survey among 419 healthcare workers from Moscow state healthcare organizations.

Results. The survey showed that 65% of respondents have a positive attitude towards digitalization, but 42% identified insufficient technical support as the main difficulty. The results also point to the need to improve educational programs in order to make use of new technologies more efficient. The importance of an integrated approach to medical education, including advanced training courses and practical trainings, is emphasized. Successful digitalization of healthcare depends on the readiness of medical personnel to adapt to changes, which should improve the quality and accessibility of medical services.

Background. Being valuable resources of primary healthcare organizations, healthcare workers ensure the quality of medical care and fulfill healthcare tasks in preserving national health. Primary care providers suffer from chronic stress due to various factors: a permanent staff shortage, a need to strictly follow standards and regulations that define time limits for interacting with patients, a high probability of conflicts, including misunderstandings of worker actions by patients. Thus, there is an obvious need to develop a motivation system for primary care providers.

Purpose. To study motivational preferences and to analyze needs that lay the foundation to build an efficient motivation system for primary care providers.

Materials and methods. Methods of analysis, synthesis, and content analysis were used to review scientific literature. The publications of Russian authors investigating the needs of primary care providers provided a basis for the study.

Results. The study revealed the difficulties in building a motivation system based on the staff needs since the task has a multidimensional nature. Needs vary over employees and time, therefore, it is recommended, firstly, to carry out constant monitoring in order to timely identify the most significant transformations, secondly, to engage managers with knowledge and experience in motivation management and psychologists in building a motivation system in order to communicate more productively with staff.

Background. Modern working conditions place high demands on the physical and mental health of employees. The increasing trend towards office-based work, characterized by low physical activity and poor nutrition, leads to an increase in the number of occupational diseases, decreased working capacity, and a deterioration in the quality of life of employees. Consequently, corporate health programs are becoming an important tool for improving not only the physical health of employees but also their motivation, job satisfaction, and productivity. Anthropometric indices of employees are important indicators of a person's physical condition, and they also help to identify issues related to obesity, physical inactivity, metabolic disorders, and other conditions.

The purpose of the study was to identify the role of anthropometric indices in the development and implementation of corporate health programs aimed at improving the physical health and productivity of employees.

Materials and methods. The study used an integrated approach, including a theoretical analysis of scientific literature, collection and generalization of statistical data, and examination of practical experience in implementing corporate health programs. The main focus was on the study of anthropometric indices such as body mass index, waist and hip circumference, and their impact on employee health and the development of personalized health programs.

Results. The development of corporate health programs based on anthropometric data is an innovative approach to personnel management. Taking into account the anthropometric parameters of employees allows you to create personalized and effective prevention and wellness strategies that not only contribute to improving employee health but also provide long-term economic benefits for companies.

The purpose of this article was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the existing legal framework for internal quality control of medical services in healthcare institutions, with an emphasis on identifying the shortcomings of current standards and determining the key elements of successful control systems. This analysis aims to formulate recommendations for developing mandatory requirements that will improve the quality and safety of medical care.

Materials and methods. The study examines international experiences, particularly models of quality control of medical care utilized in the European Union and Australia. A review of current regulatory instruments related to internal quality control of medical care in Russia has been performed.

Results. The research identified the key elements of successful internal quality control systems for medical services that are focused on improving the quality and ensuring the safety of medical care