Introduction. It is crucial to establish an internal managerial hierarchy in healthcare institutions in such a way that the authority and responsibilities of managers are distributed across all levels from top executives to lower-level managers. Otherwise, an authoritarian management style may prevail, transforming lower-level management into mere executors. Addressing this imbalance is essential when selecting and training personnel at this level. The purpose of the study. The aim of this research is to analyze the socio-demographic, professional, and personal characteristics of the potential talent pool for management positions, with a focus on the lower level. This understanding is necessary for developing programs that facilitate the integration of these managers into the organization’s vertical and horizontal management practices. Materials and methods. The empirical basis of the study comprises data from a 2023 selective questionnaire survey conducted by the Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of the Moscow Healthcare Department. The respondents were health professionals working in Moscow Healthcare Department organizations. Statistical and analytical methods were employed for data analysis. Results. An algorithm for studying the characteristics of potential talent pools for lower-level management has been proposed. This algorithm is based on identifying their key objective and subjective qualities and validating this selection process by comparing the professional qualifications of the potential pool with those of current managers and ordinary medical specialists. The comparative analysis revealed that, in terms of qualification indicators, the pool candidates are nearly on par with managers but surpass them in their aspirations for enhanced qualification status, which opens up career advancement opportunities. The limitation on upward qualification mobility leads to an increase in horizontal mobility forms. Conclusion. For the talent pool of the lower management level to be effectively integrated into the overall talent pool system at other managerial levels, it is necessary to refine training programs to focus on fostering teamwork among the entire management apparatus of healthcare institutions.

Background. The study of the migration role in the formation of pathological reactivity in adverse climatic and geographic conditions is of great practical importance for identifying the variety of adaptive capabilities and better understanding the changes that can be applied to regions with greater anthropogenic modification. The goal was to assess the individual reactivity of the cardiovascular system of generally healthy respondents depending on their emotional state in the conditions of climatic and geographic stress. Materials and methods. 346 male respondents with an average age of 31.6 ± 6.0 years participated in the study. The indicators characterizing the functional state of the cardiovascular system were studied and calculated, and the adaptive capabilities of the cardiovascular system were assessed based on the functional changes and emotional well-being. Results. Respondents who have moved from subpolar to polar regions higher SAD, average BP, pulse pressure and cardiac output indicators by 9.5, 7.4, 13.7 and 7.4% respectively, in comparison with respondents living in moderate mid-latitude conditions with p < 0.05. In comparison with the same indicators between individuals who moved from the subpolar and mid-latitude regions to the polar regions, the indicators were higher by 10.6, 7.7, 19.5 and 7.7%, respectively. Double product, myocardial efficiency, and endurance coefficient in respondents who moved from subpolar to polar areas were significantly higher by 26.6, 27.7 and 18%, respectively, compared to individuals living in the mid-latitude regions. In terms of emotional well-being, 66.7% of respondents who moved from subpolar to polar regions showed the highest average level of mental activation. Conclusion. The constant independent migratory factors of generally healthy respondents living in polar regions with adverse climatic and geographic conditions against the background of mid-levels of emotional well-being cause compensatory changes and an adaptive primary pulmonary arterial hypertension, which is typical for northern regions. However, an individual who moved from mid-latitude regions to polar regions experiences negative consequences of migration, as against the background of high mental activation and interest, mid-level emotional state, low level of stress, and high level of comfort, a maladaptive form of primary pulmonary arterial hypertension can develop.

Background. The prevalence of weight disorders is rising among the young population in the context of urbanization. The modern urban environment creates specific risks, such as the availability of high-calorie foods, physical inactivity, and chronic stress, which contribute to overweight and obesity. Objective. To assess the relationship between behavioral lifestyle factors (eating behavior, physical activity level, bad habits, and sleep hygiene), and body mass index among urban youth. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 200 participants. Data were collected through an anonymous online survey using a structured questionnaire. The statistical analysis was performed using the methods of descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis. Results. Among respondents, 64.5% had normal weight, 26% were overweight or obese, and 6% were underweight. Analysis revealed complex, multifactorial nature of the relationship between behavioral factors and weight. Conclusion. The findings highlight the importance of an integrated approach to the prevention of weight disorders among young people. The study results can be used to develop targeted prevention programs.

Introduction. The article presents the results of a comprehensive sociological study aimed at analyzing professional well-being and key personnel risks among primary care physicians (n=400) in urban polyclinics in Moscow and the Moscow region. The article defines the “professional well-being of a doctor” with subsequent analysis based on the results of a sociological study and presents personnel risks in the outpatient healthcare sector. The purpose of the study was to analyze doctors’ professional well-being and personnel risks in primary health care. Materials and methods. The study sample was made up of outpatient health care physicians (n = 400, where 30.75% were men and 69.25% were women). The sample included doctors of various specialties stratified by age and gender. An author's questionnaire was used to collect the data. The research used the following methods: sociological, statistical, and analytical methods, as well as content analysis. Results. The study found that the core staff of an outpatient medical organization consists of 41-50-year-old specialists who experience a high level of chronic stress and nervous tension due to high workload, conflicts with patients, and shortage of recovery resources. The results indicate the need to develop comprehensive measures combining financial incentives, the creation of comfortable working conditions, and the introduction of psychological support and stress management systems to prevent professional burnout and strengthen staff.

Background. As the life expectancy of citizens increases, non-communicable diseases accumulate, accompanying by persistent functional disorders. The result is a growing number of citizens referred for a medical and social disability examination (MSDE) and, therefore, an expanding workload of primary healthcare organizations in preparing patients for MSDE. In this regard, it is relevant to assess the activities of healthcare organizations in preparing patients for MSDE. Objective. To estimate the volume of care provided to patients during the preparation for MSDE at Moscow polyclinics. Materials and methods. The authors analyzed the electronic health records of outpatients (471 individuals) referred for MSDE, the register of outpatients referred for MSDE, and the results of an interview survey (43 physicians and 123 patients) using analytical and sociological methods. Results. The survey confirmed that the routing of patients preparing for MSDE is characterized by a complex procedure. The average duration of preparation for MSDE was two months, compared to the established deadline of 30 days. Conclusion. The process of preparing citizens for MSDE includes redundant and duplicated doctor’s visits, tests, and examinations. Possible solutions are extending the established deadlines in the regulations, transferring some functions from doctors to nursing staff when referring patients to MSDE, and implementing electronic document management between organizations. These measures have the potential to reduce the number of visits and examinations, shorten the waiting time for care, and increase long-term patient satisfaction.

Introduction. The study analyzes the economic and technical aspects of setting tariffs for medical services based on Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRG) in Russia and foreign countries. The implementation of a DRGbased tariff system is associated with serious challenges in all countries of the world, including technical difficulties in case classification and tariff calculation, insufficient data infrastructure, and risks to the financial stability of healthcare providers, etc. Successful implementation requires careful planning, investment in data systems, and adaptation to each country's specific healthcare context. Objective. To assess the prospects for introducing DRG into medical practice and to classify the difficulties encountered in different countries when establishing DRG-based tariffs. Materials and methods. The main sources of information were regulatory legal acts in Russian and global healthcare, as well as relevant Russian and foreign scientific publications. The principal research methods employed were systematic review, critical review, comparative analysis, and content analysis. Results and conclusion. The analysis of DRG-based tariff setting for medical services reveals a number of challenges in its implementation, which can be divided into the following categories: problems of DRG classification and pricing, country-specific implementation issues, economic and financial problems, and concerns regarding quality and access to health care. International experience shows significant diversity in the characteristics and effectiveness of DRG systems. Countries have developed different approaches to address the limitations of basic DRG systems, including the use of additional payment mechanisms for high-tech, specialized, and low-volume medical care. These additional mechanisms include payments for individual services, additional charges for certain services, and alternative payment models for certain types of care. The implications of the challenges associated with DRG implementation go beyond technical issues of health financing and concern broader issues of health system design and operation. The data suggest that successful implementation of DRG requires significant investments in infrastructure, training, and ongoing system maintenance that may exceed initial expectations.

Introduction. The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the systemic and persistent shortage of mid-level medical personnel in the context of the implementation of the National Project “Long and Active Life,” which began on January 1, 2025. Special attention is paid to the analysis of statistical data on new medical graduates, the actual and regulatory staffing ratio, and its regional differentiation with a primary focus on the Moscow Region. The article provides an analytical assessment of the current system of employer-sponsored training for mid-level medical personnel, as well as the processes of employment and retention of young specialists in medical organizations. The purpose of the study was to analyze the current training, education, and employment of mid-level medical specialists to compare the dynamics of graduation from educational organizations and staffing shortages in public healthcare institutions. Materials and methods. The study used data from the Federal State Statistics Service in the field of healthcare, federal and regional legislation, forms of federal statistical observation No. 30 “Information about a medical organization” by subjects of the Russian Federation, and data from organizations providing professional education. Results. A comprehensive analysis, including the data on the Moscow Region, revealed territorial disparities in the distribution of mid-level medical personnel with insufficient financial, social, and housing support for students enrolled under employer-sponsored contracts, as well as for young professionals. Given the overall shortage of mid-level medical professionals in the Russian regions, there is a need to develop an innovative program for training, education, and retention of mid-level medical personnel, which includes the modernization of professional education with the participation of public healthcare organizations, the development of employer-sponsored training, and long-term measures to retain personnel in the public healthcare system.

Introduction. Occupational stress in healthcare workers, which leads to professional deformation, dissatisfaction with the quality of life and work, reduced productivity, and retirement from profession, requires comprehensive research. Purpose. The goal is to identify modern research trends in occupational stress of healthcare workers. Methods and materials. Using the keywords "occupational stress of medical workers", 21 out of 136 Scopus scientific articles published in 2025 on the Science Direct platform were selected for a systematic review. These articles have neither been translated into Russian nor systematized. Results. A systematic review of 2025 Scopus articles identified the following research trends in occupational stress among healthcare workers: 1) specifics of correcting occupational stress in healthcare workers (38.1%), 2) psychological characteristics of occupational stress (28.57%), 3) physical characteristics of occupational stress (23.81%), 4) development of modern procedures for diagnosing occupational stress in healthcare workers (4.76%), 5) definition of occupational stress in healthcare workers (4.76%).

Introduction. Childhood obesity is becoming one of the main global threats to the health of the younger generation, increasing the risk of many chronic diseases. Despite existing strategies to manage obesity, many of them remain inaccessible to the general population due to high costs and lack of infrastructure. The goal of the study was to identify and organize data on international programs that use digital technologies to prevent and treat childhood obesity. Materials and methods. We analyzed scientific publications from the PubMed/MEDLINE database for 2019–2025 using the keywords "obesity", "overweight", "children", "digital technologies", and "media". Results. Various digital programs aimed at combating childhood obesity were identified. They include mobile applications, text messages, video conferences, active video games, and comprehensive programs that combine digital technologies and personal communication with specialists. These technologies help to form healthy habits, track progress, maintain motivation, and provide information in a convenient format. Research has also confirmed the widespread use and attractiveness of digital technologies among adolescents and their parents.

Introduction. Today, various cultures and confessions are crossing in megacities in the context of globalization and growing population mobility. New challenges to the healthcare system emerge due to the need to provide culturally sensitive care. The study explores how health professionals caring for Buddhist patients develop relevant cultural competence. Purpose. To identify the key social and cultural characteristics of Buddhist patients as well as areas for developing cultural competence among health professionals. Materials and methods. The authors conducted a comprehensive analysis of the impact of Buddhist worldview on the perception of health, disease, medical intervention, and bioethical dilemmas. The study examined the basic philosophical concepts (the Four Noble Truths, the doctrine of dependent origination, and karma), the structure of Buddhist values, and religious practices, as well as attitudes towards body, death, and suffering. Special attention is given to the principles of the Buddhist bioethics and their potential conflicts with the standards of Western evidence-based medicine. The authors systematized practical guidelines for health professionals regarding communication, nutrition, psychological safety, and respect for the ritual practices of Buddhist patients. Results. Knowledge about Buddhist culture should be integrated into clinical practice, as it is necessary for building a trusting relationship with patients, increasing compliance, and ultimately achieving optimal treatment outcomes. The research results can be used in advanced training programs for doctors and nurses, as well as in the development of internal standards for healthcare organizations providing care for multicultural patients.

The paper presents an analysis of the types of medical care in inpatient medical institutions of Moscow using the example of the Department of Surgery of the Scientific and Clinical Center No. 3 of the Russian Scientific Center of Surgery named after Academician B.V. Petrovsky. Identification of the ways to improve and develop organizational approaches to clinical practice in Moscow hospitals has been elaborated on its basis. The types of medical care in the departments of surgery have been identified, and the distinctive features of the surgical care organization in Moscow have been described. The performance results of the Department of Surgery of the Scientific and Clinical Center No 3 of the Russian Scientific Center of Surgery named after Academician B.V. Petrovsky for 2021-2023 have been analyzed. Regarding the types of medical care, fundamental trends have been presented, including the transition from predominantly emergency surgery to balanced elective and emergency interventions; further technological modernization with an advanced trend of transition to minimally invasive technologies; and a focus on high-tech oncology in the department of surgery. The directions for improving the provision of various types of medical care in the clinical practice of the Department of Surgery have been identified, including the introduction of an expanded system of quality indicators, the development of technologies for patient flow split, the introduction of enhanced recovery protocols, and the development of same-day surgery. The experience of Scientific and Clinical Center No. 3 can serve as an example for similar departments, as it confirms the possibility of simultaneously achieving high quantitative indicators and maintaining the quality of medical care by implementing a systematic approach to surgical care.

Introduction. Artificial intelligence (AI) is actively introduced into modern medicine, increasing diagnostic accuracy, data management efficiency, and quality of clinical decisions. However, the use of AI is accompanied by expectations of progress, as well as by social concerns. A key condition for adopting AI is trust based on transparency, explainability, and ethical responsibility, while digital phobias are associated with risks of data leakage, algorithmic bias, and increased social inequality. Adaptation to AI requires the comprehensive involvement of the professional community, policymakers, and society as a whole. Purpose. To conceptualize social expectations and phobias related to the implementation of AI in the healthcare sector. Materials and methods. Theoretical and analytical research was carried out using conceptual modeling. The research was aimed at systematizing and interpreting scientific data on social expectations, phobias, and trust mechanisms related to the introduction of AI into healthcare. This interdisciplinary work is at the intersection of medical sociology, digital medicine, social psychology, and science and technology studies. Results. Trust in and acceptance of AI in the age of digital medicine depends not only on the technological advantages of AI but also on how well AI systems meet society’s expectations in the areas of security, fairness, confidentiality, and social responsibility. Providing support and training, and introducing ethical standards into the process of AI development and implementation, are key conditions for successful technology adaptation in healthcare.

Introduction. The article discusses the problems of medical staff management in refugee camps in the context of humanitarian crises. The relevance of the study is defined by growing forced migration and the increased burden on healthcare systems of the host countries. The purpose of the work was to carry out a comprehensive analysis of international standards, regulatory documents and scientific publications establishing human resource management in refugee camps. Results. Reasons for the integration of camp medical services into national health systems and the transition from a reactive model of personnel response to strategic human resource management have been presented. The findings can be used to develop training programs for medical personnel and improve humanitarian personnel policy.

Introduction. The article analyzes methodological approaches to the study of marital behavior of older age groups in the context of population aging. The features of the concept operationalization, sources of empirical data, limitations of statistical accounting, as well as problems of interpretation of marriage, divorce, remarriage and widowhood at a late age are considered. Special attention is paid to longitudinal studies and comparative international databases. The goal of the study was to develop and theoretically and methodologically substantiate a comprehensive framework for studying the marital behavior of older age groups in the context of population aging, including the integration of the concept of life course, gender analysis, institutional context and the use of combined sources of empirical data (official statistics and longitudinal studies). Materials and methods. The research is theoretical and methodological in nature and is aimed at systematizing existing approaches to the analysis of marital behavior of the population of older age groups. Results. In the context of continuing population aging, the improvement of methodological tools for studying marital behavior in older age groups becomes essential for scientific research and adequate understanding of the transformation of the institution of family in the 21st century.

The article provides a comparative analysis of current mobile forms of employment in the healthcare sector, such as digital platform employment, temporary and flexible working, and digital mechanisms of human resource allocation. The author considered the theoretical approaches to classifying non-standard forms of employment, the specifics of their integration into healthcare, and their impact on human resource management. The advantages and limitations of such models in terms of flexibility and effective personnel and quality management were analyzed. Publications on alternative employment and human resource management in healthcare were used to validate the conclusions. It is concluded that mobile forms of employment become increasingly important in modern healthcare systems but require adaptation of regulatory mechanisms and human resource management strategies.

Introduction. This article provides an analytical review of scientific publications and regulatory documents on the current mechanisms and problems of professional development of medical professionals working in Russian polyclinics. The relevance of this study is determined by the transformation of the primary healthcare system, the implementation of regular accreditation and continuous medical education (CME) system, as well as steady organizational burden and workload of outpatient physicians. The goal was to systematize and analyze the key barriers to the professional development of doctors in polyclinics taking into account the specifics of their work, as well as to assess the impact of the current CME mechanisms on education access and motivation. Materials and methods. In this study, an analytical review was conducted. Federal laws, orders of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, strategic healthcare documents, as well as domestic scientific publications for the period 2017–2025 selected upon their relevance to the primary healthcare sector, scientific validity, and publication in specialized peer-reviewed journals, were analyzed. The study used content analysis, comparative analysis, and structural and functional comparison methods. Results. The analysis identified four groups of factors that limit the professional development of doctors in polyclinics, namely: organizational and labor, financial and economic, quality and educational, and motivational factors. It was found that excessive number of consultations per physician, staff shortages, lack of backup staff, and limited time resources reduce the availability of educational programs. The motivation for professional development is largely determined by management support and the organizational culture of the medical organization. Conclusion. The study showed that the effectiveness of the CME system in the outpatient sector is determined by the consistency of regulatory requirements, organizational working conditions, and management decisions. The results obtained can be used to improve personnel policy in the primary healthcare sector and develop mechanisms for the professional development of doctors taking into account the specifics of outpatient care.